3D-modeling of the spine using EOS imaging system: Inter-reader reproducibility and reliability

Abstract

ObjectivesTo retrospectively assess the interreader reproducibility and reliability of EOS 3D full spine reconstructions in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).Methods73 patients with mean age of 17 years and a moderate AIS (median Cobb Angle 18.2°) obtained low-dose standing biplanar radiographs with EOS. Two independent readers performed “full spine” 3D reconstructions of the spine with the “full-spine” method adjusting the bone contour of every thoracic and lumbar vertebra (Th1-L5). Interreader reproducibility was assessed regarding rotation of every single vertebra in the coronal (i.e. frontal), sagittal (i.e. lateral), and axial plane, T1/T12 kyphosis, T4/T12 kyphosis, L1/L5 lordosis, L1/S1 lordosis and pelvic parameters. Radiation exposure, scan-time and 3D reconstruction time were recorded.ResultsInterclass correlation (ICC) ranged between 0.83 and 0.98 for frontal vertebral rotation, between 0.94 and 0.99 for lateral vertebral rotation and between 0.51 and 0.88 for axial vertebral rotation. ICC was 0.92 for T1/T12 kyphosis, 0.95 for T4/T12 kyphosis, 0.90 for L1/L5 lordosis, 0.85 for L1/S1 lordosis, 0.97 for pelvic incidence, 0.96 for sacral slope, 0.98 for sagittal pelvic tilt and 0.94 for lateral pelvic tilt. The mean time for reconstruction was 14.9 minutes (reader 1: 14.6 minutes, reader 2: 15.2 minutes, p<0.0001). The mean total absorbed dose was 593.4μGy ±212.3 per patient.ConclusionEOS “full spine” 3D angle measurement of vertebral rotation proved to be reliable and was performed in an acceptable reconstruction time. Interreader reproducibility of axial rotation was limited to some degree in the upper and middle thoracic spine due the obtuse angulation of the pedicles and the processi spinosi in the frontal view somewhat complicating their delineation.

Comparison of Radiation Exposure to the Patient and Contrast Detail Resolutions Across Low Dose 2d/3d Slot Scanner and Two Conventional Digital Radiography X-Ray Imaging Systems

“…The MDSS imaging system takes simultaneous images in two planes (posterior-anterior and lateral). By using a computer algorithm, the system can construct three-dimensional (3D) surface images from the simultaneous two-plane images 5,6 . The MDSS is designed to lower patient doses compared with conventional digital radiography (DR) X-ray imaging systems and a few studies have shown substantial clinical potential for dose savings compared to DR and computed radiography (CR) [7][8][9][10][11][12] .…”

Photogrammetry in 3d Modelling of Human Bone Structures From Radiographs

“…EOS is commercialized by the French company EOS imaging for orthopaedic applications. Nowadays in many developed countries EOS imaging system is applied in several hospitals and many researchers have used this system for 3D reconstruction of diverse bone structures such as Mitton et al (2006) for Pelvis, Baudoin et al (2008), Chaibi et al (2011), andQuijano et al (2013) for Lower Limb, Lebailly et al (2012) for Upper Limb, Aubert et al (2014) for Rib cage, Humbert et al (2009) and Rehm et al (2017) for Spine. However, this system is still unavailable in many developing countries and medical centres because of some restrictions such as costs.…”

Maximal Axial Vertebral Rotation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Is the Apical Vertebra the Most Rotated?

“…16 Full spine 3D reconstructions were made using sterEOS software V1.4.4.5297, which is aligned by the user to the contours of each thoracic and lumbar vertebra. 17 The software automatically calculates the Cobb angle, curvature level in addition to the serial AVR values for Th1-L5 vertebrae ( Figure 1). AVR was calculated based on the axial displacement of the vertebrae relative to the pelvis, with left hand rotation defined as positive.…”