3d phase‐contrast nanotomography of unstained human skin biopsies may identify morphological differences in the dermis and epidermis between subjects

Eckermann, Marina; Peruzzi, Niccolò; Frohn, Jasper; Bech, Martin; Englund, Elisabet; Veress, B; Salditt, Tim; Dahlin, Lars B.; Ohlsson, Bodil

doi:10.1111/srt.12974

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…For example, previously unknown correlations between the orientation of granular cells and the dendrite tree of purkinje cells in the human cerebellum were recently discovered [164]. 3d virtual histology is a growing field in neuroscience as well as in research concerning other organs, such as the pancreas [165], the kidneys [166], the vasculature or the skin [167,168]. Related to the current world wide pandemic, structural changes in lung architecture for severe cases of Covid-19, previously observed by conventional methods [169,170], were recently also confirmed by propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray tomography [171,172].…”

Section: Virtual Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale X-ray Structural Analysis of Cardiac Cells and Tissues

Reichardt¹

2022

Göttingen Series in X-Ray Physics

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List of publications Danksagung Curriculum Vitaeday. Considering an average volume of 70 ml to 80 ml per beat, more than 7 000 liters of blood are pumped through the body each day. The synchronized contraction of the excitable cardiac tissue cells is controlled by the conduction system, which initiates an electric signal in the sinoatrial node and coordinates the propagation of the action potential through the heart. The continuous function of the heart during its entire lifetime is essential for the proper maintenance of all vital organs. Small dysfunctions or abnormalities can cause drastic changes and effects in the human organism. Therefore, it is very important to understand the cardiac structure from the molecular level up to the scale of the entire organ, as well as its function within the body.The primary aim of this thesis is to develop imaging protocols to probe the entire cy- Cardiac structure and (dys)functionCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of death worldwide with a rising incidence. While CVDs were responsible for less than 10% of the deaths worldwide by the beginning of the 20th century, the number of CVD-related deaths increased to over 30% by 2016 [6-8]. This corresponds to 17.9 million global deaths due to CVDs in one year. The major share of these death (85%) is attributed to heart attacks and from the ancient Egyptians [17]. (B) Drawing of the cardiac anatomy by Aristotle [15]. (C) Sketch of the heart by Leonardo da Vinci [15]. (D) Cardiac model by Richard Lower [18]. (E) Text book figure of Henry Gray's anatomy [16]. (F) Concept of a "Triebwerk" by Ludolf Krehl [18]. (G) Jane Sands Robb's model of the heart [18]. (H) Cardiac fiber model of Alfred Benninghoff and Kurt Goerttler [18]. (I) Model of the helical ventricular band by Francisco Torrent-Guasp [18]. Anatomie des Menschen"), Xavier Bichat ("Anatomie Generale") and Henry Gray and Henry Vandyke Carter ("Grays Anatomy"). Nevertheless, due to ongoing research and new discoveries the textbooks had to be updated constantly. In October 2020, the 42th edition of "Grays Anatomy" was released. Concerning the cardiac anatomy, most of the open questions were related to the cardiac function and structural changes caused by CVDs. For example, in 1891 Ludolf Krehl introduced the idea of a circumferential Historically, the observation of the heart structure started by documenting visual impressions gained from evisceration of animals or autopsies. With progress in the manufacture of optics and the invention of the microscope in the 17th century, it was possible to investigate structures in the micrometer range [48]. During this time, Marcello Malpighi was the first who identified small capillaries in the lungs of bats and established the process of oxygen uptake [49]. This procedure, later called histology (from Greek: histos, tissue and logos, study), revealed its full potential during the 19th Recently, this invention was further developed by a combination of STED and single molecule localization microscopy such as stochastic optical...

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Section: Virtual Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale X-ray Structural Analysis of Cardiac Cells and Tissues

Reichardt¹

2022

Göttingen Series in X-Ray Physics

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“…Further development of new techniques to examine gastrointestinal motility is warranted. The recently reported 3D modality is a promising technique to verify neuropathy [9], not only in the enteric nervous system but also in other tissues [10].…”

Section: Clinical Investigations Of Neuropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normal aging leads to some form of neuropathy, and definite sensorimotor polyneuropathy diagnosed by neurological screening is present in around 5-13% of the population [7]. We have recently described how a patient with drug-induced intestinal pseudo-obstruction and a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome both exhibited damages to the autonomic, enteric and sensorimotor nervous system when systematically examined [8][9][10]. On the other hand, some toxic agents mainly affect the peripheral sensorimotor system leading to pain and paresthesia [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases which cause generalized peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review

Roth

Schiro

Ohlsson

2021

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology

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“…We recently presented a methodology to use X-ray phase-contrast nanotomography to study the volume and structure of the ENS[ 5 ]. Neurons and surrounding structures are visible using this method without any prior staining, allowing the possibility to study large sample volumes[ 5 , 6 ]. The aim of the present qualitative analysis of virtual slices was to describe in detail the structure of human ileal myenteric ganglia in the normal human ileum as well as in patients with CIPO or ED.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of the myenteric plexus in normal and diseased human ileum analyzed by X-ray virtual histology slices

Veress¹,

Peruzzi²,

Eckermann³

et al. 2022

WJG

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BACKGROUND The enteric nervous system (ENS) is situated along the entire gastrointestinal tract and is divided into myenteric and submucosal plexuses in the small and large intestines. The ENS consists of neurons, glial cells, and nerves assembled into ganglia, surrounded by telocytes, interstitial cells of Cajal, and connective tissue. Owing to the complex spatial organization of several interconnections with nerve fascicles, the ENS is difficult to examine in conventional histological sections of 3-5 μm. AIM To examine human ileum full-thickness biopsies using X-ray phase-contrast nanotomography without prior staining to visualize the ENS. METHODS Six patients were diagnosed with gastrointestinal dysmotility and neuropathy based on routine clinical and histopathological examinations. As controls, full-thickness biopsies were collected from healthy resection ileal regions after hemicolectomy for right colon malignancy. From the paraffin blocks, 4-µm thick sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for localization of the myenteric ganglia under a light microscope. A 1-mm punch biopsy (up to 1 cm in length) centered on the myenteric plexus was taken and placed into a Kapton ® tube for mounting in the subsequent investigation. X-ray phase-contrast tomography was performed using two custom-designed laboratory setups with micrometer resolution for overview scanning. Subsequently, selected regions of interest were scanned at a synchrotron-based end-station, and high-resolution slices were reported. In total, more than 6000 virtual slices were analyzed from nine samples. RESULTS In the overview scans, the general architecture and quality of the samples were studied, and the myenteric plexus was localized. High-resolution scans revealed details, including the ganglia, interganglional nerve fascicles, and surrounding tissue. The ganglia were irregular in shape and contained neurons and glial cells. Spindle-shaped cells with very thin cellular projections could be observed on the surface of the ganglia, which appeared to build a network. In the patients, there were no alterations in the general architecture of the myenteric ganglia. Nevertheless, several pathological changes were observed, including vacuolar degeneration, autophagic activity, the appearance of sequestosomes, chromatolysis, and apoptosis. Furthermore, possible expulsion of pyknotic neurons and defects in the covering cellular network could be observed in serial slices. These changes partly corresponded to previous light microscopy findings. CONCLUSION The analysis of serial virtual slices could provide new information that cannot be obtained by classical light microscopy. The advantages, disadvantages, and future possibilities of this method are also discussed.

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3d phase‐contrast nanotomography of unstained human skin biopsies may identify morphological differences in the dermis and epidermis between subjects

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Multiscale X-ray Structural Analysis of Cardiac Cells and Tissues

Multiscale X-ray Structural Analysis of Cardiac Cells and Tissues

Diseases which cause generalized peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review

Structure of the myenteric plexus in normal and diseased human ileum analyzed by X-ray virtual histology slices

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