3D position readout from thick scintillators

Antich, Peter P.; Malakhov, N.; Parkey, Robert W.; Slavin, N.V.; Tsyganov, E.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(01)01214-1

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Using the likelihood function as defined in (2) and (1), the elements of the information matrix become (5) with and equal to , or . From this equation follows that (6) which shows that the variance is inversely proportional to the number of photons emitted and the quantum efficiency.…”

Section: Cramér-rao Lower Boundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Cramer-Rao theory combined with Monte Carlo simulations for the optimization of monolithic scintillator PET detectors

Laan

Maas

Schaart

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-We are investigating the possibility of using monolithic scintillator blocks as detectors for small animal positron emission tomography (PET). These detectors consist of several cm 3 of scintillating material, read out by one or more avalanche photo-diode (APD) arrays. The entry point of an incoming gamma photon is estimated from the distribution of the scintillation light over the APD pixels. To optimize the detector design, the influence of different design parameters is investigated using Geant4 simulations. To make it possible to study the influence of individual design parameters on the intrinsic spatial resolution of the detector, the use of a performance measure is proposed that is independent of the algorithm used to estimate the entry point, namely the Cramér-Rao lower bound on the estimation of the coordinates of a point source of light inside the crystal. To illustrate the use of this method, the influence of optical transport inside the detector is investigated for different detector designs, surface finishes and APD pixel sizes. A comparison with resolutions obtained from simulations involving beams of 511 keV annihilation photons indicates that this approach gives valid results.Index Terms-Cramér-Rao lower bound, depth-of-interaction, Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations, monolithic scintillator blocks, positron emission tomography (PET).

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Section: Cramér-rao Lower Boundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Philips CPET system is, for example, based on this type of detector, although without DOI correction [2]. Designs with DOI correction have also been investigated [3]- [5], but these are either too complicated or have insufficient spatial resolution for small animal PET.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Cramer-Rao theory combined with Monte Carlo simulations for the optimization of monolithic scintillator PET detectors

Laan

Maas

Schaart

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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show abstract

“…As an alternative to detectors using crystal arrays, several types of detectors consisting of monolithic scintillation crystals read out by position sensitive photo-detectors have been proposed [5]- [8]. As these designs are generally difficult to implement in a scanner, or lack sufficient spatial resolution for small animal PET, we are currently investigating a new design based on monolithic scintillation crystals read out by one or more avalanche photo diode (APD) array(s) [9]- [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of monolithic-crystal small animal PET detectors read out by APD arrays

Maas

Laan

Schaart

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-Minimizing dead space is one way to increase the detection efficiency of small-animal PET scanners. By using monolithic scintillator crystals (e.g., 20 mm 10 mm 10 mm LSO), loss of efficiency due to inter-crystal reflective material is minimized. Readout of such crystals can be performed by means of one or more avalanche photo-diode (APD) arrays optically coupled to the crystal. The entry point of a gamma photon on the crystal surface can be estimated from the measured distribution of the scintillation light over the APD array(s). By estimating the entry point, correction for the depth-of-interaction (DOI) is automatically provided. We are studying the feasibility of such detector modules. To this end, a 64-channel test setup has been developed. Experiments to determine the effect on the spatial resolution of crystal surface finish and detector geometry have been carried out.

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“…[3][4][5], the g-ray's DOI is strongly correlated to the width of the scintillation light distribution and thus its standard deviation s. To understand this behavior, we developed a theoretical model of the scintillation light density as a function of the detection position.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth of interaction detection with enhanced position-sensitive proportional resistor network

Lerche¹,

Benlloch²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2005

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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3D position readout from thick scintillators

Cited by 31 publications

References 6 publications

Using Cramer-Rao theory combined with Monte Carlo simulations for the optimization of monolithic scintillator PET detectors

Using Cramer-Rao theory combined with Monte Carlo simulations for the optimization of monolithic scintillator PET detectors

Experimental characterization of monolithic-crystal small animal PET detectors read out by APD arrays

Depth of interaction detection with enhanced position-sensitive proportional resistor network

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