3D Printed Alumina for Low-Loss Millimeter Wave Components

Jiménez-Sáez, Alejandro; Schüßler, Martin; Krause, Christopher D.; Pandel, Damian; Rezer, Kamil; Bögel, Gerd vom; Benson, Niels; Jakoby, Rolf

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2906034

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Together with image line rod antennas [22], LC-based quasi-planar dielectric phased arrays can be realized. While assembly in this manuscript is reliant on glue and single milled components, more sophisticated manufacturing technologies such as injection molding or 3D printing can be used for industrial, large scale production with the possibility of substrate integration [30]. As the development of nematic microwave LC is still an ongoing process [2], the provided data can prove to be beneficial for further development of LC-mixtures tailored to the needs of dielectric applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Characterization of Liquid Crystal Dielectric Image Line Phase Shifter for Millimeter-Wave Applications

et al. 2021

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In this paper we investigate the temperature dependent behavior of a liquid crystal (LC) loaded tunable dielectric image guide (DIG) phase shifter at millimeter-wave frequencies from 80 GHz to 110 GHz for future high data rate communications. The adhesive, necessary for precise fabrication, is analyzed before temperature dependent behavior of the component is shown, using the nematic LC-mixture GT7-29001. The temperature characterization is conducted by changing the temperature of the LC DIG’s ground plane between −10∘C and 80 ∘C. The orientation of the LC molecules, and therefore the effective macroscopic relative permittivity of the DIG, is changed by inserting the temperature setup in a fixture with rotatable magnets. Temperature independent matching can be observed, while the insertion loss gradually increases with temperature for both highest and lowest permittivity of the LC. At 80 ∘C the insertion loss is up to 1.3dB higher and at −10∘C it is 0.6dB lower than the insertion loss present at 20 ∘C. In addition, the achievable differential phase is reduced with increasing temperature. The impact of molecule alignment to this reduction is shown for the phase shifter and an estimated 85% of the anisotropy is still usable with an LC DIG phase shifter when increasing the temperature from 20 ∘C to 80 ∘C. Higher reduction of differential phase is present at higher frequencies as the electrical length of the phase shifter increases. A maximum difference in differential phase of 72∘ is present at 110 GHz, when increasing the temperature from 20 ∘C to 80 ∘C. Nevertheless, a well predictable, quasi-linear behavior can be observed at the covered temperature range, highlighting the potential of LC-based dielectric components at millimeter wave frequencies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Characterization of Liquid Crystal Dielectric Image Line Phase Shifter for Millimeter-Wave Applications

et al. 2021

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“…At lower frequencies (up to 11 GHz) several 3D printed materials have already been characterized [27]. In [28], a 3D printed Alumina structure operating at W-band is presented and compared to counterparts of different materials created by classical manufacturing techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Dielectric Rod Antenna Arrays with Integrated Power Divider

et al. 2019

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This paper presents an overview of fully dielectric antenna arrays with integrated dielectric power dividers developed at Technische Universität Darmstadt as an extension of previous work. The power dividers are based on the principle of multimode interference and offer one- and two-dimensional power division in a single step, which allows the realization of small and lightweight devices. In order to prove the concept, 1 × 4 and 4 × 4 fully dielectric antenna arrays with integrated power dividers milled from Rexolite are designed, realized and characterized, operating between 90 GHz and 105 GHz. To assess miniaturization and beamsteering capabilities, three 1 × 4 arrays composed of different materials, Rexolite, Preperm L300 and Preperm L440, are compared regarding gain, size, weight and element spacing. Depending on array size and material, gain is between 12.5 dBi and 22 dBi, accompanied with sidelobe levels below - 7.5. All demonstrators are realized by milling, but the designs show the potential to be 3D printed or injection molded for large scale manufacturing.

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“…A verification of the low losses and the capability to design high-Q resonators with 3Dprinted alumina and deep reactive ion etched (DRIE) high-resistive silicon has been presented at 80 GHz in [37]. After this successful characterization, the resonators with alumina and HR-Si have been scaled to the 220 to 330 GHz frequency range to fall under the WR3 output of the measurement equipment and the manufactured samples can be seen in Fig.…”

Section: Towards High-q Resonator Tagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9. More information on the (DRIE) process for the fabrication of the HR-Si resonators and the lithographybased ceramic manufacturing (LCM) can be found in [37].…”

Section: Towards High-q Resonator Tagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-Coded mm-Wave Tags for Self-Localization System Using Dielectric Resonators

Jiménez-Sáez

Abbas

Schüßler

et al. 2020

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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The paper describes the development of passive, chipless tags for a novel indoor self-localization system operating at high mm-wave frequencies. One tag concept is based on the low-Q fundamental mode of dielectric resonators (DR) which exhibits peak scattering at its resonance frequency. As the radar cross-section (RCS) of DRs at mm-wave frequencies is far too low for the intended application, arrays of DRs and combinations with dielectric lens and corner reflectors are investigated to boost the RCS while keeping the scattering retro-directive over wide-angle incidence. Satisfactory results are demonstrated experimentally in Wband with metal corner reflectors combined with planar arrays of DRs; the tags produce a high RCS level over a moderately broad angular range and a wide frequency range where they exhibit a notch at the resonance frequency of the dielectric resonators. These designs suffer from low coding range of 3 to 6 bit, degradations of RCS in angular range, and a difficult separation of the tag response from strong clutter. Both the suppression of large clutter interference by using time gating of the tag response and a larger coding range are promised by a chipless tag concept based on multiple high-Q resonators in photonic crystal (PhC) technology. Experimental samples are characterized as transmission resonators and as retro-directive tags at the 230 GHz band. As a concept to boost the retro-directive RCS with a truly wide-angle response, the integration of PhC resonators with a Luneburg lens is discussed.

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3D Printed Alumina for Low-Loss Millimeter Wave Components

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Temperature Characterization of Liquid Crystal Dielectric Image Line Phase Shifter for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Temperature Characterization of Liquid Crystal Dielectric Image Line Phase Shifter for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Fully Dielectric Rod Antenna Arrays with Integrated Power Divider

Frequency-Coded mm-Wave Tags for Self-Localization System Using Dielectric Resonators

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