3D-printed bioactive ceramic scaffolds with biomimetic micro/nano-HAp surfaces mediated cell fate and promoted bone augmentation of the bone–implant interface in vivo

Abstract

Calcium phosphate bio-ceramics are osteo-conductive, but it remains a challenge to promote the induction of bone augmentation and capillary formation. The surface micro/nano-topography of materials can be recognized by cells and then the cell fate are mediated. Traditional regulation methods of carving surface structures on bio-ceramics employ mineral reagents and organic additives, which might introduce impurity phases and affect the biological results. In a previous study, a facile and novel method was utilized with ultrapure water as the unique reagent for hydrothermal treatment, and a uniform hydroxyapatite (HAp) surface layer was constructed on composite ceramics (β-TCP/CaSiO 3 ) in situ . Further combined with 3D printing technology, biomimetic hierarchical structure scaffolds were fabricated with interconnected porous composite ceramic scaffolds as the architecture and micro/nano-rod hybrid HAp as the surface layer. The obtained HAp surface layer favoured cell adhesion, alleviated the cytotoxicity of precursor scaffolds, and upregulated the cellular differentiation of mBMSCs and gene expression of HUVECs in vitro . In vivo studies showed that capillary formation, bone augmentation and new bone matrix formation were upregulated after the HAp surface layer was obtained, and the results confirmed that the fabricated biomimetic hierarchical structure scaffold could be an effective candidate for bone regeneration.

High Precision 3D Printing for Micro to Nano Scale Biomedical and Electronic Devices

“…The printed ceramic fibers measured a diameter of 250 µm and the overall structure comprised of meso-pores (2-50 nm) and macro-pores (greater than 50 nm). The micro/nano surface favored adhesion and osteogenic differentiation [189].…”

Alkali-Treated Alumina and Zirconia Powders Decorated with Hydroxyapatite for Prospective Biomedical Applications

“…The chemical similarity of HAp to the inorganic components of human bones and teeth has led to extensive research in the field of hard tissue engineering [30]. According to earlier works, the use of CDH and HAp as cover layers on oxide ceramics can positively influence the osseointegration of biomaterials with bone and, thus, improve implant survival [31][32][33]. The group of Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDH) is biocompatible and an inexpensive material, used for biomedical and non-biological applications.…”

Dual-Scale Porosity Alumina Structures Using Ceramic/Camphene Suspensions Containing Polymer Microspheres

“…In this regard, special attention has been paid to the creation of multiple pores at different length scales, in order to offer significantly enhanced mechanical functions at given porosities [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In particular, when used as bone scaffolds, macropores can provide favorable spaces for bone ingrowth and micropores in ceramic walls can stimulate bone regeneration [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”