3D-printed capillaric ELISA-on-a-chip with aliquoting

Parandakh, Azim; Ymbern, Oriol; Jogia, William; Renault, Johan; Ng, Andy; Juncker, David

doi:10.1039/d2lc00878e

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Simplifying the supply and metering of sample and reagent to the microfluidic chips will be needed for broader use, and has already been initiated by developing on‐chip aliquoting. [ 18 ] We hope that the advances reported here will spur DM of microfluidics and lead to broader adoption and exploration of microfluidics and CCs in particular, and help catalyze new ideas and applications in reagent supply, synthesis, analysis, assays, and diagnostics and that they will be shared as “3D apps” that can be downloaded from online repositories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study on the ELISA Chip CC, washing steps with buffer were included between sample and reagents, thus reducing non-specific binding and contributing to the high sensitivity needed for antigen detection, but at the cost of a long assay time of >1 h. [11,18] By eliminating the washing steps, it was possible to reduce the assay time to 26 min 53 s ± 1 min (N = 3 replicates) while preserving a sensitivity suitable for antibody detection.…”

Section: Immunoassay With a 3d-printed CC With Embedded Conduitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16,17] While PEGDA was initially used for creating "active" microfluidic devices that rely on external peripherals, [16,17] more recently, DLP printing has been employed to fabricate capillaric circuits (CCs). [11,18] CCs are capillary microfluidics assembled from individual capillaric elements that structurally encode liquid handling algorithms. An initial study using replica molded CCs from DLP printed molds established the feasibility of DLP printing despite a lower resolution than clean room fabricated CCs, [19] and alleviated initial concerns on whether capillary flow functions, such as filling and flow stop, could be realized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital Manufacturing of Functional Ready‐to‐Use Microfluidic Systems

Karamzadeh,

Sohrabi‐Kashani,

Shen

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Digital manufacturing (DM) strives for the seamless manufacture of a functional device from a digital file. DM holds great potential for microfluidics, but requirements for embedded conduits and high resolution beyond the capability of common manufacturing equipment, and microfluidic systems’ dependence on peripherals (e.g., connections, power supply, computer), have limited its adoption. Microfluidic capillaric circuits (CCs) are structurally‐encoded, self‐contained microfluidic systems that operate and self‐fill thanks to precisely tailored hydrophilicity. CCs were heretofore hydrophilized in a plasma chamber, but which only produces transient hydrophilicity, lacks reproducibility, and limits CC design to open surface channels sealed with a tape. Here we introduce the additive DM of monolithic, fully functional and intrinsically hydrophilic CCs. CCs were 3D printed with commonly available light engine‐based 3D printers using polyethylene(glycol)diacrylate‐based ink co‐polymerized with hydrophilic acrylic acid crosslinkers and optimized for hydrophilicity and printability. A new, robust capillary valve design and embedded conduits with circular cross‐sections that prevent bubble trapping are presented, and complex interwoven circuit architectures created, and their use illustrated with an immunoassay. Finally, the need for external paper capillary pumps is eliminated by directly embedding the capillary pump in the chip as a porous gyroid structure, realizing fully functional, monolithic CCs. Thence, a computer‐aided design file can be made into a CC by commonly available 3D printers in less than 30 min enabling low‐cost, distributed, DM of fully functional ready‐to‐use microfluidic systems.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunoassay With a 3d-printed CC With Embedded Conduitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital Manufacturing of Functional Ready‐to‐Use Microfluidic Systems

Karamzadeh,

Sohrabi‐Kashani,

Shen

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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“…Autonomous capillary-driven microfluidic devices having microchannels with varying geometries have been proposed in the literature, to enable pre-programmed immunoassays based on sequential delivery of bioliquids and reagents. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Besides utilizing the geometry to manage the air-liquid meniscus and control the capillary flow, the use of surface chemistry within microfluidics can be exploited for spontaneous manipulation of liquids. Different microfluidic coatings lead to various liquid-solid contact angles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autonomous capillary‐driven microfluidic devices having microchannels with varying geometries have been proposed in the literature, to enable pre‐programmed immunoassays based on sequential delivery of bioliquids and reagents. [ 1–6 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On‐Demand Inkjet Printed Hydrophilic Coatings for Flow Control in 3D‐Printed Microfluidic Devices Embedded with Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Makhinia

Azizian

Beni

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Microfluidic surface chemistry can enable control of capillary‐driven flow without the need for bulky external instrumentation. A novel pondered nonhomogeneous coating defines regions with different wetting properties on the microchannel walls. It changes the curvature of the liquid–air meniscus at various channel cross‐sections and consequently leads to different capillary pressures, which is favorable in the strive toward automatic flow control. This is accomplished by the deposition of hydrophilic coatings on the surface of multilevel 3D‐printed (3DP) microfluidic devices via inkjet printing, thereby retaining the surface hydrophilicity for at least 6 months of storage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of capillary flow control in 3DP microfluidics enabled by inkjet printing. The method is used to create “stop” and “delay” valves to enable preprogrammed capillary flow for sequential release of fluids. To demonstrate further utilization in point‐of‐care sensing applications, screen printed organic electrochemical transistors are integrated within the microfluidic chips to sense, sequentially and independently from external actions, chloride anions in the (1–100) × 10−3 m range. The results present a cost‐effective fabrication method of compact, yet comprehensive, all‐printed sensing platforms that allow fast ion detection (<60 s), including the capability of automatic delivery of multiple test solutions.

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