3D-printed carbon black/polylactic acid electrochemical sensor combined with batch injection analysis: A cost-effective and portable tool for naproxen sensing

João, Afonso F.; Faria, Lucas Vinícius de; Ramos, David; Rocha, Raquel G.; Richter, Eduardo M.; Muñoz, Rodrigo A.A.

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2022.107565

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Another important feature is that the coupling of the proposed sensor with the BIA provided fast analysis in such a way that 150 injections of solutions (standard or sample) were injected per 1 h. This work presents a successful example of BIA combined with a modified electrode for glucose sensing using a completely portable system [ 62 ]. It is important to highlight that BIA-AMP cells cost around USD 10.00 [ 63 ] and the electrode modification can be easily fabricated, which allows for the economical and miniaturized construction of lab-on-chip devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Oxy-Hydroxy/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Film Coupled with a 3D-Printed Device as a Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor

et al. 2023

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A rapid and simple method for the amperometric determination of glucose using a nanocomposite film of nickel oxyhydroxide and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) was evaluated. The NiHCF)/MWCNT electrode film was fabricated using the liquid–liquid interface method, and it was used as a precursor for the electrochemical synthesis of nickel oxy-hydroxy (Ni(OH)2/NiOOH/MWCNT). The interaction between nickel oxy-hydroxy and the MWCNTs provided a film that is stable over the electrode surface, with high surface area and excellent conductivity. The nanocomposite presented an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose in an alkaline medium. The sensitivity of the sensor was found to be 0.0561 μA μmol L−1, and a linear range from 0.1 to 150 μmol L−1 was obtained, with a good limit of detection (0.030 μmol L−1). The electrode exhibits a fast response (150 injections h−1) and a sensitive catalytic performance, which may be due to the high conductivity of MWCNT and the increased active surface area of the electrode. Additionally, a minimal difference in the slopes for ascending (0.0561 µA µmol L−1) and descending (0.0531 µA µmol L−1) was observed. Moreover, the sensor was applied to the detection of glucose in artificial plasma blood samples, achieving values of 89 to 98% of recovery.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Oxy-Hydroxy/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Film Coupled with a 3D-Printed Device as a Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor

et al. 2023

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“…13,14 Reports of AM-batch-injection analysis (AM-BIA) cells coupled to AMEs are found in the literature for different applications, including drug detection. 15,16 These cells usually have a high internal volume (∼100 mL), which is undesirable for practical applications due to increased fluid handling and waste generation. Moreover, most works only demonstrate the AM working electrode fabrication using external reference and counter electrodes, hindering the system setup and increasing the cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of a Portable Electrochemical Sensor with a Recycled Conductive Filament for the Detection of Atropine in Spiked Drink Samples

Arantes,

Crapnell,

Whittingham

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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Additive manufacturing (three-dimensional (3D) printing) has promising features for fast prototyping electrochemical systems, from cells to sensors. Conductive filaments containing carbon black and poly(lactic acid) (CB/PLA) for electrode fabrication are commercially available but usually rely on low carbon content, resulting in poor electrochemical properties. Filament fabrication can be done within the laboratory by exploring different materials according to the desired applications. In this work, recycled PLA was used as the thermoplastic base polymer, alongside CB as the conductive filler, and tris (2ethylhexyl) trimellitate was introduced into the filament matrix as a plasticizer (CB/PLA/ TTM) to fabricate additively manufactured electrodes (AMEs). This enhanced the electrochemical properties toward different redox probes and the forensic target atropine. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the filament and AMEs before and after activation. Additive manufacturing has also been used to develop different cell configurations, which is equally important for good electroanalytical performance. Flow analytical techniques, such as batch-injection analysis (BIA), can be used as an alternative to stationary measurements to enhancing sensitivity and detection limits (LOD) via increasing the mass transport of analytes to the electrochemical platform surface, providing automation and high sample throughput. In this context, we developed a compact (∼5 mL capacity) and versatile additively manufactured BIA cell that can either perform static or hydrodynamic analyses by simply placing a lid on the device with a hole for the BIA pipette tip. Moreover, knowing that forensic chemistry necessitates portable analytical tools to help police investigation at the crime scene, the AM-BIA cell and the bespoke AMEs were coupled to a portable electrochemical apparatus for on-site atropine analysis in adulterated beverage samples. Atropine determination was performed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometry (BIA-AMP) in the same cell, presenting good repeatability for both methods (6% RSD). As expected, the BIA-AMP method showed higher sensitivity (0.0783 μA μM −1 ) and lower LOD (0.51 μM) compared to the stationary DPV method (sensitivity: 0.0148 μA μmol −1 L; LOD: 2.60 μM); they both presented good recovery values, varying from 102 to 109% for two spiked samples of gin and whisky. Thus, the versatility and portability of the developed AM-BIA cell coupled with the bespoke filament CB/PLA/TTM allow for rapid and accurate screening and quantification of atropine in real forensic scenarios.

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“…Nevertheless, no material has yet been developed for monitoring degradation and structural safety throughout the product's lifetime, while reducing inspection and maintenance expenses. Conductive polymer composites, a new class of intelligent materials created by adding conductive nanoparticles, such as carbon black, metal powder, or carbon ber to improve electrical conductivity, may hold the solution [11,12], Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are particularly promising multifunctional llers due to their strong electrical conductivity and high aspect ratio. Researchers have extensively explored PLA nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes, which typically reduce the PLA matrix's elongation at break while enhancing its tensile strength, modulus, and toughness [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pushing the Limits of PLA: Exploring the Power of MWCNTs in Enhancing Thermal, Mechanical Properties, and Weathering Resistance

Younus

Naguib

Fekry

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The present study focuses on the enhancement of the mechanical, thermal, and degradation behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) by the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different concentrations of 0.5, 1, 3, and 5%. The CNTs were prepared using catalytic chemical vapor deposition, and the prepared PLA/CNTs nanocomposite films were characterized using various techniques such as FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, TEM, SEM, and XRD. The XRD results indicated an increase in PLA crystallinity with increasing CNT loading. The mechanical tests showed that the incorporation of CNTs had a positive effect on the elongation at break but decreased the ultimate tensile strength of PLA. The thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the prepared nanocomposites were more thermally stable than pure PLA. The accelerated weathering test results revealed that the surface degradation of the nanocomposites decreased with increasing CNT loading, indicating improved weathering resistance. Overall, the results demonstrate that the addition of conductive CNTs to PLA creates a robust mechanical effect on the PLA matrix and enhances its stability.

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3D-printed carbon black/polylactic acid electrochemical sensor combined with batch injection analysis: A cost-effective and portable tool for naproxen sensing

Cited by 24 publications

References 55 publications

Nickel Oxy-Hydroxy/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Film Coupled with a 3D-Printed Device as a Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor

Nickel Oxy-Hydroxy/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Film Coupled with a 3D-Printed Device as a Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor

Additive Manufacturing of a Portable Electrochemical Sensor with a Recycled Conductive Filament for the Detection of Atropine in Spiked Drink Samples

Pushing the Limits of PLA: Exploring the Power of MWCNTs in Enhancing Thermal, Mechanical Properties, and Weathering Resistance

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