3D‐printed degradable hydroxyapatite bioactive ceramics for skull regeneration

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics have been extensively employed as bone tissue scaffolds owing to their biodegradability and osteoinductivity. In our work, HA, a significant component of natural bone tissue used as the raw material to produce porous scaffolds employing three‐dimensional (3D)‐printing technology. Physical and chemical properties, porosity, and compression resistance of the scaffolds were investigated in vitro. The scaffold was confirmed to have a large number of interconnected pore structures on the surface and inside HA scaffolds showed good cell compatibility and cell adhesion in cell text. To analyze the effect of the scaffold on bone repair and regeneration in vivo, the large‐size defect of beagle skull was repaired with a 3D printing group and an autologous bone group (ABG) for 8 months. Images and histological analysis of the 3D printing group indicated better integration with adjacent tissues. However, there were obvious gaps in the ABG, which indicates weak bone regeneration ability of this group due to unmatched implant dimension. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that 3D‐printed scaffolds had a highly vascularized structure. This study indicates that 3D‐printed bioceramics scaffolds that are osteoinductivity and biodegradable have great potential in maxillofacial bone regeneration.

Consolidation of Spray-Dried Amorphous Calcium Phosphate by Ultrafast Compression: Chemical and Structural Overview

“…This effect is however minor and therefore probably only concerns few ions. 1 H MAS NMR (Figure 9c) presents an important decrease in the 2.1 ppm peak attributed to the CH 3 COO − ion (as a remaining impurity after spray drying) in the pellet in comparison with the powder, accompanied by a more discrete decrease in the 6 ppm peak (structural water). This result indicates a partial loss of the acetate during the compaction, which is in full agreement with the TG analyses.…”

“…NMR experiments were recorded on a Bruker Avance 400 III HD spectrometer operating at a magnetic field of 9.4 T. The samples were packed into 1.3 mm zirconia rotors and spun at 58 kHz for 1 H and 31 P experiments, at room temperature. 1 H MAS analyses were performed with the DEPTH pulse sequence using a recycle delay of 10 s. The 1 H-31 P-1 H Flip-Back CP (FBCP) NMR method ( 1 H→ 31 P→ 1 H) was used with a first CP transfer of 5 ms and a second CP contact time of 0.2 s. 31 P MAS spectra were recorded with a recycle delay of 600 s.…”

“…Since the biomaterials need to exhibit some degree of cohesion and mechanical properties adapted to their clinical use, the technical specifications for synthetic bone substitutes have to be take into account surgical handling and post-operative constraints. With this view, 3D approaches are being investigated to provide bone substitutes with enhanced mechanical properties via sintering (e.g., [ 1 ]). In order to provide bioactivity features, bone graft materials are increasingly studied to enhance their osteointegration, for example, through coatings intended to mimic the native mineral phase to further enhance the cell colonization and activity [ 2 ].…”

A Novel Strategy for Fabrication of Polyamide 66/Nanohydroxyapatite Composite Bone Repair Scaffolds by Low-Temperature Three-Dimensional Printing

“…16,28 Traditional methods for preparing porous scaffolds, such as extrusion molding, injection molding, foam molding thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), and particulate leaching, each have their limitations. 29,30 Extrusion can produce accurate shapes at a lower cost, but it is not suitable for the manufacture of scaffolds with complex shapes and variable cross sections, as it lacks the continuous porous structure necessary for tissue growth. Injection molding can produce high quality scaffolds with accurate dimensions and good surface quality, but production often results in closed surfaces, hindering tissue integration.…”

Bio‐inspired synthesis of bio‐hydroxyapatite/synthetic hydroxyapatite hybrid nanosystems

“…In contemporary scientific and industrial landscapes, hybrid nanosystems 1 have emerged as versatile materials with applications spanning multiple domains. These include gene delivery, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, 2 dentistry, tissue engineering, 3 environmental remediation, 4 and catalysis. 5,6 The development of these hybrid materials has been driven by innovative synthesis methods and the exploration of sustainable practices, aligning with the principles of a circular economy.…”