3D Printed Fingernail Antennas for 5G Applications

Njogu, Peter; Sanz-Izquierdo, Benito; Elibiary, A.; Jun, Sung Yun; Chen, Zhijiao; Bird, David

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3043045

Cited by 46 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…There are two widely used 3D-printing techniques [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]: polymer/dielectric and all-metal. As the working frequency band enters the millimeter/microwave range, the printed parts' quality for the resulting antenna is of great importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed Graphene-Based Bow-Tie Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Ultra-Wideband Applications

Aydın

2021

Polymers

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In this study, the effects of graphene and design differences on bow-tie microstrip antenna performance and bandwidth improvement were investigated both with simulation and experiments. In addition, the conductivity of graphene can be dynamically tuned by changing its chemical potential. The numerical calculations of the proposed antennas at 2–10 GHz were carried out using the finite integration technique in the CST Microwave Studio program. Thus, three bow-tie microstrip antennas with different antenna parameters were designed. Unlike traditional production techniques, due to its cost-effectiveness and easy production, antennas were produced using 3D printing, and then measurements were conducted. A very good match was observed between the simulation and the measurement results. The performance of each antenna was analyzed, and then, the effects of antenna sizes and different chemical potentials on antenna performance were investigated and discussed. The results show that the bow-tie antenna with a slot, which is one of the new advantages of this study, provides a good match and that it has an ultra-bandwidth of 18 GHz in the frequency range of 2 to 20 GHz for ultra-wideband applications. The obtained return loss of −10 dB throughout the applied frequency shows that the designed antennas are useful. In addition, the proposed antennas have an average gain of 9 dBi. This study will be a guide for microstrip antennas based on the desired applications by changing the size of the slots and chemical potential in the conductive parts in the design.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed Graphene-Based Bow-Tie Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Ultra-Wideband Applications

Aydın

2021

Polymers

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“…The study [16] demonstrates good agreement between the simulated and measured results for both antennas, as well as the significant impact of 3D printing technology on the S-parameter. In [17], Njogu et al developed a wearable nail antenna with the aid of 3D printing technology and verified that the measured impedances at 15 GHz and 28 GHz are found to be well-matched. Mitra et al [18] proposed a new antenna made with an improved version of the Electrified conductive filament on a planar TMM4 substrate for use in emerging space applications such as 3D printed satellites, spacesuits, and zero-gravity experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Substrate materials with a low thickness value are widely preferred as they provide improved performance, enhanced bandwidth, and less restricting structures for radiation areas. Various techniques are utilized to manufacture MAs, including wet-etching, inkjet printing, screen printing, and threedimensional (3D) printing [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. 3D printing has a promising potential in antenna manufacturing as it allows faster, more convenient, and less expensive manufacturing than the conventional tech techniques, known as additive manufacturing [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel 3D printed curved monopole microstrip antenna design for biomedical applications

Biçer

Aydın

2021

Phys Eng Sci Med

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This paper proposes a novel and compact monopole microstrip antenna (MA) design with a three-dimensional (3D) printed curved substrate for biomedical applications. A curved substrate was formed by inserting a semi-cylinder structure in the middle of the planar substrate consisting of polylactic acid (PLA). The antenna was fed with a microstrip line, and a partial ground plane was formed at the bottom side of the substrate. The copper plane with two triangular slots is arranged on the curved semi-cylinder structure of the substrate. The physical dimensions of the radiating plane and ground plane were optimally determined with the use of the sparrow search algorithm (SpaSA) to provide a wide -10 dB bandwidth between 3 GHz and 12 GHz. A total of six microstrip antennas having different parameters related to physical dimensions were designed and simulated to compare the performance of the proposed antenna with the help of full-wave electromagnetic simulation software called CST Microwave Studio. The proposed curved antenna was fabricated, and a PNA network analyzer was used to measure the S11 of the proposed antenna. It was demonstrated that the measured S11 covers the desired frequency range.

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“…Various antennas operating in the millimeter band have been described in the literature. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In Reference 4, a dual-band four ports multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna has been implemented on a Rogers (5880, 2.2) substrate that offers a peak gain of 7.6 and 8.12 dB at 28 and 38 GHz, respectively. In Reference 5, a four-element array antenna offers a bandwidth of 1.14 GHz and peak gain of 14 dB with a physical dimension of 18.67 Â 18.26 Â 0.35 mm 3 array antenna printed on an artificial magnetic conductor (ACM) substrate for the 5G mm-wave applications is developed with an overall dimension of 80.8 Â 80.8 Â 2.4 mm 3 and it provides an impedance bandwidth of 1.64 GHz (27.85-29.49 GHz) with a peak gain value of 11.62 dB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, several works have been carried out by public research laboratories and manufacturers to obtain antenna structures that can present a significant gain with high bandwidth to support a high data rate. Various antennas operating in the millimeter band have been described in the literature 4–17 . In Reference 4, a dual‐band four ports multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna has been implemented on a Rogers (5880, 2.2) substrate that offers a peak gain of 7.6 and 8.12 dB at 28 and 38 GHz, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual wideband high gain 2 × 2 multiple‐input‐multiple‐output monopole antenna with an end‐launch connector model for 5G millimeter‐wave mobile applications

Aghoutane

Ghzaoui

Das³

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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This article presents the design, analysis, and realization of a new printed multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with a very high gain and wide bandwidth for the millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) 28/38 GHz fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) applications. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of four identical patch elements in a 2 × 2 configuration to achieve high gain with wide operating bandwidth. The proposed antenna holds an attractive compact size of 31.891 × 37.528 mm2. The proposed MIMO configuration is designed on a 0.508 mm thick Rogers‐5870 substrate material with a loss tangent of 0.0009 and a relative dielectric constant of 2.33. An effective technique for folding the feed line and applying a new protruding ground is introduced to obtain good mutual coupling. The fabricated prototype of the proposed antenna is tested to verify the simulation results for the validation of the suggested design approach. The suggested MIMO antenna exhibits −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 2.6 GHz (27.4–30.0 GHz) and 3.3 GHz (36.7–40.0 GHz) to cover the intended frequency range for 5G applications with isolation less than −22 band peak gains of 18 and 14.5 dBi at 27.5 and 38.8 GHz, respectively. To validate the MIMO performance of the proposed antenna several MIMO diversity parameters such as mean effective gain (MEG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and diversity gain (DG) are evaluated. Determined results indicate ECC < 0.001, DG > 9.995, and an average MEG of −3 dB at the operating bands. The proposed antenna exhibits good agreement between the simulated and measured results, which confirm its suitability for forthcoming mm‐wave 5G MIMO systems and services.

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3D Printed Fingernail Antennas for 5G Applications

Cited by 46 publications

References 44 publications

3D-Printed Graphene-Based Bow-Tie Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Ultra-Wideband Applications

3D-Printed Graphene-Based Bow-Tie Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Ultra-Wideband Applications

A novel 3D printed curved monopole microstrip antenna design for biomedical applications

A dual wideband high gain 2 × 2 multiple‐input‐multiple‐output monopole antenna with an end‐launch connector model for 5G millimeter‐wave mobile applications

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