3D-printed oxygen-releasing scaffolds improve bone regeneration in mice

Core-shell oxygen-releasing fibers for annulus fibrosus repair in the intervertebral disc of rats

“…At present, a variety of oxygen-releasing materials have been developed to counteract local hypoxia by directly supplying oxygen to the implanted structure [ [51] , [52] , [53] ]. Meanwhile, a variety of materials can be used as oxygen releasing sources, among which, the commonly used materials are calcium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, and PFTBA [ [53] , [54] , [55] ]. Compared to peroxides, PFTBA has less biocompatibility concern, and can directly provide oxygen to cells without chemical reaction [ 33 ].…”

Oxygen-Generating Biomaterials for Translational Bone Regenerative Engineering

“…205 However, some of the biggest obstacles of utilizing microtanks as oxygen-releasing materials for tissue regeneration are the amount of oxygen it can deliver and the duration of the oxygen release. Reported by Farris et al, the PCL microtanks scaffold enhanced hADCs-mediated bone tissue regeneration; however, the oxygen delivery can only last for 8 h. 206 Another separate research study reported by Cook et al showed better oxygen delivery duration of 6 days and prolonged the survival of human adipose-derived stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells as well as enhancing their cellular morphology under anoxic conditions. 207 The future direction of using microtanks as oxygen-delivering materials should focus on prolonging the oxygen-releasing time.…”

3D Printing Applications for Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction: A Sweeping Review

“…The microtanks were designed to release oxygen over hours after placement in vivo . Compared to non-O 2 -loaded scaffolds, O 2 -loaded scaffolds exhibited enhanced bone regeneration after 8 weeks . O 2 -loading may serve as a viable strategy in improving the hypoxic microenvironment known to exist within large nonvascularized scaffolds (>1 mm) .…”

“…Polycaprolactone, an FDA-approved thermoplastic polyester, is the second most studied and used 3D printed material for craniofacial application. ,,,− PCL is known to be biodegradable and highly biocompatible . PCL is commonly 3D printed using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), rendering it very cost-effective .…”