3D-printed polymer antiresonant waveguides for short-reach terahertz applications

Putten, L. D. van; Gorecki, Jon; Fokoua, Eric Numkam; Apostolopoulos, Vasileios; Poletti, Francesco

doi:10.1364/ao.57.003953

Cited by 74 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Moreover, an average minimum loss of 0.03 dB/cm was measured at 0.265 THz. Another 3D‐printed waveguide based on antiresonance effect was FDM‐printed out with low‐cost polycarbonate material, showing an improved energy efficiency when compared with that in free space …”

Section: D‐printed Waveguides and Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional printing technologies for terahertz applications: A review

Sun

2019

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies enables fast prototyping of complex 3D objects with ever improving printing qualities. To date, 3D printing has been found useful in areas such as manufacturing, industrial design, aerospace, dental and medical industries, and many others. In this article, we review recent advances of 3D printing technologies for terahertz (THz) applications. Different 3D printing technologies and printable materials are first discussed and compared. 3D-printed THz components and devices, which are categorized as waveguides/fibers, antennas, and quasi-optical components, are further demonstrated. It is found that the performances and functionalities of 3D-printed THz devices have been greatly enhanced, while the operating frequencies have been increased from the lower end of THz range to over 1 THz region. With further development of novel materials and printing techniques, it is believed that 3D printing technologies will play an important role in the realization of THz components for efficient control and manipulation of THz waves. K E Y W O R D S

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Section: D‐printed Waveguides and Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional printing technologies for terahertz applications: A review

Sun

2019

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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“…This fiber, built with ABS, was able to guide with low-loss in the transmission windows between 0.10-0.21, 0.30-0.40, and 0.5-1.1 THz [67]. The fiber whose cross section is shown in Figure 1e was fabricated using PC via the FDM technique and guides terahertz radiation with losses around 10's dB/cm over a 150 to 600 GHz range [68]. The last group of fibers ( Figure 1f-h) is based on the Bragg reflection.…”

Section: Terahertz 3d Printed Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors reached single mode propagation and Figure 1. (a) Porous polymer terahertz fiber design [38] (b) First all-dielectric 3D printed terahertz waveguide [64]; (c) 3D printed terahertz waveguide based on Kagome photonic crystal structure [65]; (d) Hollow-core with negative curvature [67]; (e) 3D-printed polymer antiresonant waveguide [68]; (f) 3D printed terahertz Bragg [69]; (g) Bragg waveguide with defect layers [70]; (h) Single-mode Bragg waveguide [71].…”

Section: Terahertz 3d Printed Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Hollow-Core Terahertz Fibers

Cruz

Cordeiro

Franco

2018

Fibers

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This paper reviews the subject of 3D printed hollow-core fibers for the propagation of terahertz (THz) waves. Several hollow and microstructured core fibers have been proposed in the literature as candidates for low-loss terahertz guidance. In this review, we focus on 3D printed hollow-core fibers with designs that cannot be easily created by conventional fiber fabrication techniques. We first review the fibers according to their guiding mechanism: photonic bandgap, antiresonant effect, and Bragg effect. We then present the modeling, fabrication, and characterization of a 3D printed Bragg and two antiresonant fibers, highlighting the advantages of using 3D printers as a path to make the fabrication of complex 3D fiber structures fast and cost-effective.

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“…These fibers had a total diameter of ~ 12 mm with estimated losses of ~ 0.1 cm −1 within the THz transmission window. Another category of hollow-core THz fibers is based on antiresonance 23,24 : light can be confined to the central air-core because of the antiresonant reflection of the guided wave at the membranes surrounding the core which behaves effectively as a Fabry-Perot cavity. A simple stacking technique was used to fabricate negative curvature antiresonant fibers 25,26 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Singlemoded THz guidance in bendable TOPAS suspended-core fiber directly drawn from a 3D printer

Talataisong

Gorecki

Ismaeel

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Terahertz (THz) technology has witnessed a significant growth in a wide range of applications, including spectroscopy, bio-medical sensing, astronomical and space detection, THz tomography, and non-invasive imaging. Current THz microstructured fibers show a complex fabrication process and their flexibility is severely restricted by the relatively large cross-sections, which turn them into rigid rods. In this paper, we demonstrate a simple and novel method to fabricate low-cost THz microstructured fibers. A cyclic olefin copolymer (TOPAS) suspended-core fiber guiding in the THz is extruded from a structured 3D printer nozzle and directly drawn in a single step process. Spectrograms of broadband THz pulses propagated through different lengths of fiber clearly indicate guidance in the fiber core. Cladding mode stripping allow for the identification of the single mode in the spectrograms and the determination of the average propagation loss (~ 0.11 dB/mm) in the 0.5-1 THz frequency range. This work points towards single step manufacturing of microstructured fibers using a wide variety of materials and geometries using a 3D printer platform. Terahertz (THz) waves or T-waves occupy a window of electromagnetic waves with frequency ranging from ν ~ 0.1 THz to ν ~ 10 THz (corresponding to the wavelength range from λ ~ 30 µm to λ ~ 3 mm). Over the last decade, THz waves have been exploited in many applications owing to their unique characteristic such as ability to penetrate in most of dielectric materials and provide improved resolution when compared to micro-or millimeter waves. Security scanning, non-destructive testing and imaging are some of the most noteworthy application of THz technologies 1,2. Because of their non-ionizing nature, THz waves can be used to detect organic tissue without causing damage, and can be safely applied for medical and biomedical sensing 3,4. THz waves have great potential to be exploited for detecting chemicals, pharmaceuticals and biological agents, as the main rotational modes of many macromolecules have a strong absorption in the THz region 5,6. They can also be used in wireless communications to increase data transmission, due to the large bandwidth of the THz band 7 , and in astronomy, to locate cold matter in space or for imaging applications in deep space 8,9. Although THz waves have shown strong potential for imaging and sensing, most of the THz systems are based on free-space optics that are quite delicate. Hence, a significant amount of research has focused on achieving low-loss and low-dispersion THz waveguiding. Metal wires were the very first material used in THz waveguides due to their low material absorption 10,11 : square and circular metallic waveguides have been demonstrated at the beginning of this century for very dispersive and low loss THz propagation 12. In 2001, two thin metallic strips were used to construct a parallel plate THz waveguides for low loss and low group velocity dispersion 13. The combination of metallic and polymer for fabricating THz waveguide was pro...

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3D-printed polymer antiresonant waveguides for short-reach terahertz applications

Cited by 74 publications

References 20 publications

Three‐dimensional printing technologies for terahertz applications: A review

Three‐dimensional printing technologies for terahertz applications: A review

3D Printed Hollow-Core Terahertz Fibers

Singlemoded THz guidance in bendable TOPAS suspended-core fiber directly drawn from a 3D printer

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