3D Printed Reversible Shape Changing Components with Stimuli Responsive Materials

Mao, Yiqi; Ding, Zhaozhao; Yuan, Chao; Ai, Shigang; Isakov, Michael; Wu, Jiangtao; Wang, Zhihui; Dunn, Martin L.; Hu, Qi

doi:10.1038/srep24761

Cited by 292 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Due to current limitations of the coating setup [18], we hope that our study will motivate experiments on more general surfaces, e.g. via the application of advanced 3D printing techniques [38]. For simple geometries, the presented experimental setup is extensible to nonhomogenous stimuli by local patterning of the individual layers.…”

Section: Stability (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Curvature-Induced Instabilities of Shells

et al. 2018

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Induced by proteins within the cell membrane or by differential growth, heating, or swelling, spontaneous curvatures can drastically affect the morphology of thin bodies and induce mechanical instabilities. Yet, the interaction of spontaneous curvature and geometric frustration in curved shells remains poorly understood. Via a combination of precision experiments on elastomeric spherical shells, simulations, and theory, we show how a spontaneous curvature induces a rotational symmetry-breaking buckling as well as a snapping instability reminiscent of the Venus fly trap closure mechanism. The instabilities, and their dependence on geometry, are rationalized by reducing the spontaneous curvature to an effective mechanical load. This formulation reveals a combined pressurelike term in the bulk and a torquelike term in the boundary, allowing scaling predictions for the instabilities that are in excellent agreement with experiments and simulations. Moreover, the effective pressure analogy suggests a curvature-induced subcritical buckling in closed shells. We determine the critical buckling curvature via a linear stability analysis that accounts for the combination of residual membrane and bending stresses. The prominent role of geometry in our findings suggests the applicability of the results over a wide range of scales.PACS numbers: 02.40. Yy, 87.17.Pq, 87.10.Pq Owing to their slender geometry, thin elastic shells display intriguing mechanical instabilities. Perhaps the most iconic example is the buckling of a spherical shell under pressure -a catastrophic situation that often leads to structural failure [1,2]. Instabilities and shape changes are also fundamental during the development and morphogenesis of thin tissue [3,4]. To control and evolve shape, Nature heavily relies on internal stimuli such as growth, swelling, or active stresses [5,6]. If the stimulus varies through the thickness of the shell, it generally induces a change of the spontaneous (or natural) curvature of the tissue [7]. Examples are the ventral furrow formation in Drosophila [8] or the fast closure mechanism invoked by the Venus fly trap to catch prey [9]. Harnessing similar concepts for technological applications, internal stimuli were also suggested as a means to design adaptive metamaterials [10] and soft robotics actuators [11]. To describe the mechanics of slender structures with arbitrary stimuli, classical shell mechanics was extended recently to model bodies that do not possess a stressfree configuration [12][13][14], leading to the non-Euclidean shell theory [15]. Despite recent progress [16,17], the role of curvature-altering stimuli, and their interplay with geometric frustration and instabilities in thin, initially curved shells, remains poorly understood.In this Letter, we combine precision experiments with non-Euclidean shell theory to reveal how curvature stimuli induce mechanical instabilities in spherical shells. Our experiments demonstrate symmetry-breaking as well as snap-through shape transitions depending on the amoun...

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Section: Stability (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Curvature-Induced Instabilities of Shells

et al. 2018

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“…For example, recent work by Mao [13] produced a multi-material layered composite with a reversible shape-changing effect. Each material reacts differently to the stimuli, thereby switching behaviours between two stable and stiff configurations without the need for mechanical loading.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16). The thickness and dimensions of the different layers play a critical role in determining the bending degree of the printed component [13]. Most self-folding polymers can undergo considerable and reversible changes of volume, being ideal for systems that require reversible folding [51].…”

Section: Types Of Shape Transformation Effects Of 4d Printed Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological considerations for 4D printing: an overview

2018

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Abstract4D printing utilizes additive manufacturing methods to produce stimulus-responsive components that can change its shape from one to another when subject to appropriate stimuli. The use of 4D printing technology is expected to significantly become more widespread with more applications across bio-medical, aerospace, and defence industries. This paper discusses emerging applications for 4D printing and suitable stimulus-responsive materials for 4D printing. In terms of designing for 4D printing, aspects of the shape memory effect (SME) including one-way SMEs, two-way SMEs and three-way SMEs are presented. Materials and structures in the form of homogenous compositions and heterogeneous compositions are discussed, as well as different types of shape-shifting behaviours such as self-folding, self-assemblies, and self-dis-assemblies. Finally, current software and examples are presented together with the existing limitations that need to be overcome to achieve widespread adoption of 4D printing.

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“…Figure 2D further illustrates reversibility of the shape change by replacing N, N-dimethylacrylamide with NIPAM in the ink since the latter is water resistance at high temperature. Compared to single shape change materials, reversible-shape-changing 4D printing may garner greater attention because of the versatility of this feature [35]. …”

Section: 4d Printing - Integration Of Transforming Information In mentioning

confidence: 99%

4D printing of polymeric materials for tissue and organ regeneration

et al. 2017

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Four dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging technology with great capacity for fabricating complex, stimuli-responsive 3D structures, providing great potential for tissue and organ engineering applications. Although the 4D concept was first highlighted in 2013, extensive research has rapidly developed, along with more-in-depth understanding and assertions regarding the definition of 4D. In this review, we begin by establishing the criteria of 4D printing, followed by an extensive summary of state-of-the-art technological advances in the field. Both transformation-preprogrammed 4D printing and 4D printing of shape memory polymers are intensively surveyed. Afterwards we will explore and discuss the applications of 4D printing in tissue and organ regeneration, such as developing synthetic tissues and implantable scaffolds, as well as future perspectives and conclusions.

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3D Printed Reversible Shape Changing Components with Stimuli Responsive Materials

Cited by 292 publications

References 42 publications

Curvature-Induced Instabilities of Shells

Curvature-Induced Instabilities of Shells

Technological considerations for 4D printing: an overview

4D printing of polymeric materials for tissue and organ regeneration

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