3D printed shape-programmable magneto-active soft matter for biomimetic applications

Qi, Song; Guo, Hengyu; Fu, Jie; Xie, Yuanpeng; Zhu, Meifang; Yu, Minggao

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107973

Cited by 131 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In a paper of Tang et al (2018), MRE microactuators for pumps and mixers were presented, which enable the realization of new microfluidic systems. Qi et al (2020) described the preparation of various structures of shape-programmable magneto-active soft materials, which can reversibly deform in a magnetic field, with a 3D printing process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetorheological elastomers — An underestimated class of soft actuator materials

Böse

Gerlach

Ehrlich

2021

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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In this paper, the results of various investigations on the viscoelastic and magnetic properties of magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) in magnetic fields of variable strength, are reported. These characteristics have a strong influence on the behavior of MRE in various applications such as vibration damping and tunable vibration absorbers. Moreover, the actuation capabilities of MRE with different kinds of deformation in a magnetic field are considered. The degree of deformation depends on the magnetic field strength and its gradient and can reach about 10%. When removing the magnetic field, the MRE body relaxes back to its initial shape. MRE materials can be used for linear actuators, where the MRE body is deformed due to the attraction by a magnetic circuit acting from one side. Such linear actuators may be applied for haptic feedback and pumps. However, ring-shaped MRE bodies can also deform radially around their cylindrical axis, if the magnetic field is oriented correspondingly. This unusual type of deformation allows the realization of a proportional valve, whose opening is controlled by the magnetic field strength. Similar configurations can be used for controllable seals, for locking devices and even for inchworm drives. Various versions of this actuation principle are discussed in the paper.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetorheological elastomers — An underestimated class of soft actuator materials

Böse

Gerlach

Ehrlich

2021

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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“…In particular, magnetorheological composites (MCs) have attracted an intense research interest, owing to their potential applications in a large number of multi-functional devices, including energy dissipation [ 10 ], vibration absorbing [ 11 ], muscle-like actuators [ 12 ], or sensors [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Recently, the application of MCs as sensors and transducers has become a hot research topic [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] due to their high socio-economic impact and the rapid development of various fabrication methods, including three-dimensional (3D) printing [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] or magnetorheological drawing lithography [ 23 ]. An excellent review in which some perspectives in the development of wearable polymer-based sensors are described has recently been published in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Magnetorheological Composites for Electric and Magnetic Field Sensors and Transducers

2020

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We present a simple, low-cost, and environmental-friendly method for the fabrication of hybrid magnetorheological composites (hMCs) based on cotton fibers soaked with a mixture of silicone oil (SO), carbonyl iron (CI) microparticles, and iron oxide microfibers (μF). The obtained hMCs, with various ratios (Φ) of SO and μF, are used as dielectric materials for manufacturing electrical devices. The equivalent electrical capacitance and resistance are investigated in the presence of an external magnetic field, with flux density B. Based on the recorded data, we obtain the variation of the relative dielectric constant (ϵr′), and electrical conductivity (σ), with Φ, and B. We show that, by increasing Φ, the distance between CI magnetic dipoles increases, and this leads to significant changes in the behaviour of ϵr′ and σ in a magnetic field. The results are explained by developing a theoretical model that is based on the dipolar approximation. They indicate that the obtained hMCs can be used in the fabrication of magneto-active fibers for fabrication of electric/magnetic field sensors and transducers.

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“…Beyond demonstrating that magnetostriction is possible with sMEs, this work demonstrates that sMEs are suitable for facilitating magnetic flux to flow through them when coupled with a source, and have the potential for inclusion in magnetic circuits. Other work created micro-actuators, making use of particle alignment to reversibly deform small bending FIGURE 3 | A compilation of sMEs and their soft robotic applications: (A) a magnetostriction-based actuator utilizing an electromagnet core to contract the sME shell (Kashima et al, 2012), (B) a linkage of sMEs with aligned particles at 90 • offsets, enabling linkage rotation depending on the direction of the applied H field (Kim et al, 2011), (C) a pneumatic valve composed of an sME around a solid core (Böse et al, 2012), (D) an inchworm soft robot with sME anchor points for an inchworm-like gait (Joyee and Pan, 2019), (E) an applied field causing shape deformation of embedded 3D-printed magnetic elements in silicone (Qi et al, 2020), (F) a sME-based sensing skin coupled with Hall effect sensors and a neural network to localize deformations (Hellebrekers et al, 2020), and (G) a variable stiffness manipulator utilizing electromagnets and sMEs to control flexion joint angles (Kitano et al, 2020).…”

Section: Smes and Soft Robotic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These robots were 3D printed using MSLA techniques, and an sME was embedded within the end effectors of the soft robot to enable remote manipulation and flexion of the inchworm robot (Joyee and Pan, 2019 ) (see Figure 3D ). Another inchworm-inspired soft robot utilized a carbonyl iron-based 3D printing filament printed into small segments of rigid, magnetically aligned regions, which were then cast in silicone to create a type of sME with distinct separation between the magnetic elements and the elastic elements (Qi et al, 2020 ) (see Figure 3E ).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Magnetic Elastomers and Their Role in Soft Robotics

2020

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Soft robotics as a field of study incorporates different mechanisms, control schemes, as well as multifunctional materials to realize robots able to perform tasks inaccessible to traditional rigid robots. Conventional methods for controlling soft robots include pneumatic or hydraulic pressure sources, and some more recent methods involve temperature and voltage control to enact shape change. Magnetism was more recently introduced as a building block for soft robotic design and control, with recent publications incorporating magnetorheological fluids and magnetic particles in elastomers, to realize some of the same objectives present in more traditional soft robotics research. This review attempts to organize and emphasize the existing work with magnetism and soft robotics, specifically studies on magnetic elastomers, while highlighting potential avenues for further research enabled by these advances.

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3D printed shape-programmable magneto-active soft matter for biomimetic applications

Cited by 131 publications

References 42 publications

Magnetorheological elastomers — An underestimated class of soft actuator materials

Magnetorheological elastomers — An underestimated class of soft actuator materials

Hybrid Magnetorheological Composites for Electric and Magnetic Field Sensors and Transducers

A Review of Magnetic Elastomers and Their Role in Soft Robotics

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