3D Printed Skin‐Interfaced UV‐Visible Hybrid Photodetectors

Abstract

Photodetectors that are intimately interfaced with human skin and measure real-time optical irradiance are appealing in the medical profiling of photosensitive diseases. Developing compliant devices for this purpose requires the fabrication of photodetectors with ultraviolet (UV)-enhanced broadband photoresponse and high mechanical flexibility, to ensure precise irradiance measurements across the spectral band critical to dermatological health when directly applied onto curved skin surfaces. Here, a fully 3D printed flexible UV-visible photodetector array is reported that incorporates a hybrid organic-inorganic material system and is integrated with a custom-built portable console to continuously monitor broadband irradiance in-situ. The active materials are formulated by doping polymeric photoactive materials with zinc oxide nanoparticles in order to improve the UV photoresponse and trigger a photomultiplication (PM) effect. The ability of a stand-alone skin-interfaced light intensity monitoring system to detect natural irradiance within the wavelength range of 310-650 nm for nearly 24 h is demonstrated.

4D Printing of Ultrastretchable Magnetoactive Soft Material Architectures for Soft Actuators

“…Figure a illustrates our 4D printing strategy of MSM architectures, comprising two steps: (i) DIW of the MSMs architectures with an ink comprising NdFeB microparticles and SIS in toluene solvent and (ii) magnetization of the printed architectures. DIW is one of the effective printing approaches for producing functional 3D structures. − SIS is a styrenic block copolymer (SBC) comprising distinct polymer blocks. Isoprene (midblock) exhibited high elastic and adhesive properties and was combined with styrene on both sides to create a stable copolymer. , In our ink configuration, SIS plays a significant role as a soft matrix, enabling the MSMs to exhibit stable magnetic and mechanical properties.…”

Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

“…, NOVA by Voltera). Notable advances were recently made on 3D-printed sensors and electronics, − such as fully 3D-printed photodetector arrays and microelectrode glucose biosensors . By printing different materials monolithically, device robustness is generally improved over made-and-assembly devices.…”

Printable organic light-emitting diodes for next-generation visible light communications: a review

“…122 Moreover, a significant advantage would be appealing to integrate multiple 3D printed functionalities on typical rigid or wearable/flexible substrates. 123,124 Current publications assert that partially printed OLEDs typically depend on spin coating or thermal evaporation to deposit specific components and fabricate functional layers, especially in terms of the electrodes and interconnects, which generally require vapor or sputtering deposition of materials (e.g., metals, metal oxides), to realize the high optical transmittance and electrical characteristics. Previously, scientists tried to 3D print OLED displays; however, it was quite challenging to obtain uniformity of the light-emitting layers.…”

“…Among currently available 3D printing technologies, extrusion-based 3D printing is well adapted for fully printed functional devices, combining nanoscale ink print with manufactured macroscale devices 122 . Moreover, a significant advantage would be appealing to integrate multiple 3D printed functionalities on typical rigid or wearable/flexible substrates 123 , 124 …”