3D printed structures for modeling the Young’s modulus of bamboo parenchyma

Abstract

Bamboo is a lightweight, sustainable engineering material widely used in structural applications. By combining micro X-ray computed tomography and 3D printing, we have produced bamboo parenchyma mimics and characterized their stiffness. Using this approach, we gained insight into bamboo parenchyma tissue mechanics, specifically the cellular geometry's role in longitudinal elasticity.

Biomimetic and Radially Symmetric Graphene Aerogel for Flexible Electronics

“…Figure www.advelectronicmat.de biological bamboo, showing stacking ordered microchannels and capsule architectures. [38] As shown in Figure 2b-d, ordered hierarchical cellular architectures with a size of 20 to ≈100 µm were observed among the whole fiber scaffold body. Additionally, ordered capsules were closely interconnected with each other in a high orientation defined from the inner center to out layer direction, distributing along the transverse direction.…”

Biomimetic systems and design in the 3D characterization of the complex vascular system of bamboo node based on X-ray microtomography and finite element analysis

“…6(b)], the parenchyma presented less stressed regions in the primary one. Besides dissipating the compressive stress among the entire sample, and then mechanically acting as a foamy matrix in a composite analogy [15,16], such behavior indicates a tendency for the parenchyma to preserve its primary axis. Even with a uniform distribution of the compressive pressure, with most stressed regions concentrated in secondary axes, it can be inferred that the plant would tend to protect their main axis with their intercalary meristem (IM), an embryonic tissue founded between mature tissues, in bamboo at the base of the internode; and the shoot apical meristem (SAM), the terminal part of the shoot immediately above the uppermost leaf primordium [ Fig.…”

“…1(c)]. Although the denser and consequently stiffer sclerenchyma provides structural reinforcement, the parenchyma has been shown to behave like a foam and to distribute local stresses to the whole structure as a matrix [15,16]. Despite recent efforts to characterize and study the mechanical behavior of internodal bamboo in the light of its microstructure [17,18,19], the nodal region represents a far more complex arrangement of vascular bundles because of their need for rearrangement, especially in new vegetative and reproductive branches, thus requiring highresolution and noninvasive characterization approaches.…”

“…The parenchyma can be morphologically characterized as a honeycomb because of its prismatic cellular configuration [2]. However, its mechanical behavior resembles that of a closed-cell foam with curved cell walls [16,31]; therefore, the calculation of their mechanical properties has been assessed from 3D numerical models of such materials [15].…”

“…Peng et al [43] used X-ray microtomography (lCT) in a bamboo sample (Pleioblastus gozadakensis) revealing a partial 3D view of the node, yet authors did not perform a segmentation procedure, thus impairing the actual visualization and the correct interpretation of the morphology of the vascular bundles. In addition to a better visual analysis of a region of interest (ROI) of plants [44,45], segmentation of lCT stack images allows such models to be exported to 3D file extensions, e.g., for application in 3D printing [15,46,47] and finite element analysis (FEA) [16,48]. Notably, Petit et al [49] present a broad review and highlight the main applications of lCT and FEA for the study of cellular solids.…”