3D Printing of Black Bioceramic Scaffolds with Micro/Nanostructure for Bone Tumor‐Induced Tissue Therapy

Abstract

It is common to improve the relevant performance in the field of energy storage materials or catalytic materials by regulating the number of defects. However, there are few studies on the biomaterials containing defects for tissue engineering. Herein, a new type of defect-rich scaffolds, black akermanite (B-AKT) bioceramic scaffolds with micro/nanostructure, the thickness of which is from 0.14 to 1.94 μm, is fabricated through introducing defects on the surface of bioceramic scaffolds. The B-AKT scaffolds have advantages on the degradation rate and the osteogenic capacity over the AKT (Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7 ) scaffolds due to the surface defects which stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone mesenchymal stem cells via activating bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) signaling pathway and further promote bone formation in vivo. In addition, the prepared B-AKT scaffolds, the temperature of which can be over 100 °C under the near infrared (NIR) irradiation (0.66 W cm −2 ), possess excellent performance on photothermal and antitumor effects. The work develops an introducing-defect strategy for regulating the biological performance of bioceramic scaffolds, which is expected to be applied in the next generation of bioceramic scaffolds for regenerative medicine.

Developing a Versatile Multiscale Therapeutic Platform for Osteosarcoma Synergistic Photothermo-Chemotherapy with Effective Osteogenicity and Antibacterial Capability

“…Relying on the design of multiscale micro-nanostructures on implant surfaces for controlling cell reprogramming to promote bone regeneration constitutes a new direction in the development of next-generation orthopedic implants. − Multiscale micro-nanostructures increase the bone-implant contact area, promote early cell responses, and encourage the ingrowth of new bone that ensures the bonding strength of implants. , These effects are clinically important for improving the success rate and durability of implants. However, such multiscale micro-nanostructures have no ability to treat osteosarcoma and bacterial infection.…”

Silicon-containing nanomedicine and biomaterials: materials chemistry, multi-dimensional design, and biomedical application

“…Furthermore, the direct reduction of 3D ceramic scaffolds through magnesiothermic reduction can lead to the formation of a considerable number of oxygen defects on their surface. 459,460 Consequently, the resulting black ceramics demonstrate significantly distinct characteristics compared to conventional ceramics, such as prominent photothermal conversion ability, enhanced mechanical strength, improved degradation, and distinctive stimulatory effects on bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Recently, the combination of microorganisms and 3D-printing ceramic scaffolds has emerged as a promising strategy for the development of microbial ceramic scaffolds.…”

Oxygen‐Deficient Bioceramics: Combination of Diagnosis, Therapy, and Regeneration

“…Both samples outperformed the control group, but the black one significantly had a better repairing rate than that of white akermanite rooting in the higher release rate of bioactive ions (e.g., Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Si 4+ ) from the black scaffold (Figure 22D–F). [ 291 ]…”

“…[208] However, gradually the viewpoint has changed toward the interaction of biomaterials with their environment and constructive interaction by means of suitable bioactivity and biocompatibility was substituted for the previous idea. For example, the integration of bone graft with the host [291] Copyright 2021, Wiley. [293] Copyright 2022, KeAi Communications Co.…”

“…Both samples outperformed the control group, but the black one significantly had a better repairing rate than that of white akermanite rooting in the higher release rate of bioactive ions (e.g., Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Si 4+ ) from the black scaffold (Figure 22D-F). [291] Magnesium-based implants are among the most promising bone substitutes mainly because of well-matched Young's modulus of these implants with that of natural bone preventing stress-shielding phenomenon. On the downside, magnesium implants suffer from high corrosion rate and so many attempts have been made to compensate for this disadvantage and stabilize the implants.…”