3D Printing of Cell Culture Devices: Assessment and Prevention of the Cytotoxicity of Photopolymers for Stereolithography

Kreß, Sebastian; Schaller‐Ammann, Roland; Feiel, Jürgen; Priedl, J.; Kasper, Cornelia; Egger, Dominik

doi:10.3390/ma13133011

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The aforementioned testing, encompassing systemic injection (acute systemic toxicity), intracutaneous and implantation tests, concluded classification of the material as USP IV according to the United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary (USP-NF) [ 25 ]. These findings coincide with other reports found in the literature [ 26 , 27 ]. The verified biocompatibility of the polymer is a prerequisite for the potential clinical applicability of the proposed MN patch.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Optimisation of Design and Manufacturing Parameters of 3D Printed Solid Microneedles for Improved Strength, Sharpness, and Drug Delivery

et al. 2021

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3D printing has emerged as a powerful manufacturing technology and has attracted significant attention for the fabrication of microneedle (MN)-mediated transdermal systems. In this work, we describe an optimisation strategy for 3D-printed MNs, ranging from the design to the drug delivery stage. The key relationships between design and manufacturing parameters and quality and performance are systematically explored. The printing and post-printing set parameters were found to influence quality and material mechanical properties, respectively. It was demonstrated that the MN geometry affected piercing behaviour, fracture, and coating morphology. The delivery of insulin in porcine skin by inkjet-coated MNs was shown to be influenced by MN design.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Optimisation of Design and Manufacturing Parameters of 3D Printed Solid Microneedles for Improved Strength, Sharpness, and Drug Delivery

et al. 2021

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“…While PDMS is biocompatible for cell culture, there is no available data regarding commercial 3D-printing resins cytotoxicity (despite some of them being classified as biocompatible). Indeed, it was shown that different photopolymers for 3D-printing have different cytotoxic effects on cells, ranging from very low to high [56]. Applications such as the MOC in which cells are exposed to culture medium for days, are more exposed to leachable cytotoxic effects than devices that are used for short-term applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the Third Wall: Implementing 3D-Printing Techniques to Expand the Complexity and Abilities of Multi-Organ-on-a-Chip Devices

et al. 2021

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The understanding that systemic context and tissue crosstalk are essential keys for bridging the gap between in vitro models and in vivo conditions led to a growing effort in the last decade to develop advanced multi-organ-on-a-chip devices. However, many of the proposed devices have failed to implement the means to allow for conditions tailored to each organ individually, a crucial aspect in cell functionality. Here, we present two 3D-print-based fabrication methods for a generic multi-organ-on-a-chip device: One with a PDMS microfluidic core unit and one based on 3D-printed units. The device was designed for culturing different tissues in separate compartments by integrating individual pairs of inlets and outlets, thus enabling tissue-specific perfusion rates that facilitate the generation of individual tissue-adapted perfusion profiles. The device allowed tissue crosstalk using microchannel configuration and permeable membranes used as barriers between individual cell culture compartments. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation confirmed the capability to generate significant differences in shear stress between the two individual culture compartments, each with a selective shear force. In addition, we provide preliminary findings that indicate the feasibility for biological compatibility for cell culture and long-term incubation in 3D-printed wells. Finally, we offer a cost-effective, accessible protocol enabling the design and fabrication of advanced multi-organ-on-a-chip devices.

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“…We anticipate that this DLP 3D printing fabrication method will enable the polymeric SlipChips, and in particular the movable port technology, to become accessible to other labs, by greatly simplifying the fabrication steps, materials, and time. Continued advances in biocompatibility of DLP resins [ 47 , 48 , 49 ] may eventually enable longer-term culture on the 3D printed chip, which was a limitation here. Furthermore, while the current device used binder clips, visual alignment, and manual slipping, 3D printing may enable rapid iteration in the future of other clamping methods and pre-programmed integration with manipulators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Fabrication by Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of a SlipChip with Movable Ports for Local Delivery to Ex Vivo Organ Cultures

2021

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SlipChips are two-part microfluidic devices that can be reconfigured to change fluidic pathways for a wide range of functions, including tissue stimulation. Currently, fabrication of these devices at the prototype stage requires a skilled microfluidic technician, e.g., for wet etching or alignment steps. In most cases, SlipChip functionality requires an optically clear, smooth, and flat surface that is fluorophilic and hydrophobic. Here, we tested digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, which is rapid, reproducible, and easily shared, as a solution for fabrication of SlipChips at the prototype stage. As a case study, we sought to fabricate a SlipChip intended for local delivery to live tissue slices through a movable microfluidic port. The device was comprised of two multi-layer components: an enclosed channel with a delivery port and a culture chamber for tissue slices with a permeable support. Once the design was optimized, we demonstrated its function by locally delivering a chemical probe to slices of hydrogel and to living tissue with up to 120 µm spatial resolution. By establishing the design principles for 3D printing of SlipChip devices, this work will enhance the ability to rapidly prototype such devices at mid-scale levels of production.

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3D Printing of Cell Culture Devices: Assessment and Prevention of the Cytotoxicity of Photopolymers for Stereolithography

Cited by 62 publications

References 40 publications

Optimisation of Design and Manufacturing Parameters of 3D Printed Solid Microneedles for Improved Strength, Sharpness, and Drug Delivery

Optimisation of Design and Manufacturing Parameters of 3D Printed Solid Microneedles for Improved Strength, Sharpness, and Drug Delivery

Breaking the Third Wall: Implementing 3D-Printing Techniques to Expand the Complexity and Abilities of Multi-Organ-on-a-Chip Devices

Rapid Fabrication by Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of a SlipChip with Movable Ports for Local Delivery to Ex Vivo Organ Cultures

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