3D printing of cell-delivery scaffolds for tissue regeneration

Abstract

Tissue engineering strategy that combine biomaterials with living cells has shown special advantages in tissue regeneration and promoted the development of regenerative medicine. In particular, the rising of 3D printing technology further enriched the structural design and composition of tissue engineering scaffolds, which also provided convenience for cell loading and cell delivery of living cells. In this review, two types of cell-delivery scaffolds for tissue regeneration, including 3D printed scaffolds with subsequent cell-seeding and 3D cells-bioprinted scaffolds, are mainly reviewed. We devote a major part to present and discuss the recent advances of two 3D printed cell-delivery scaffolds in regeneration of various tissues, involving bone, cartilage, skin tissues and so on. Although two types of 3D printed cell-delivery scaffolds have some shortcomings, they do have generally facilitated the exploration of tissue engineering scaffolds in multiple tissue regeneration. It is expected that 3D printed cell-delivery scaffolds will be further explored in function mechanism of seeding cells in vivo, precise mimicking of complex tissues and even organ reconstruction under the cooperation of multiple fields in future.

Wet 3D printing of biodegradable porous scaffolds to enable room-temperature deposition modeling of polymeric solutions for regeneration of articular cartilage

“…3D printing has been greatly applied in the fields of tissue engineering and tissue regeneration [30][31][32][33][34][35]. In this article, we suggested a wet 3D printing method for fabrication of a porous scaffold of biodegradable polymer matrix, as demonstrated by the PLGA/PLGA-HAp bilayered scaffold (figure 1).…”

Biomaterial-enhanced treg cell immunotherapy: A promising approach for transplant medicine and autoimmune disease treatment

“…Moreover, advancements in autoantigen discovery and cutting-edge technologies like T cell receptor sequencing and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology offer promising avenues for personalized CAR-Treg therapies. Successfully addressing these challenges could establish Treg immunotherapy as a personalized medicine option for effectively managing autoimmune diseases and transplantation [ [151] , [152] , [153] ]. However, ongoing research and clinical trials are indispensable to refine these approaches and enhance patient outcomes.…”

Reconstructive Paradigms: A Problem-Solving Approach in Complex Tissue Defects

“…They are used to reconstruct damaged tissues, such as skin, bone, and cartilage. Advances in fabrication techniques, including 3D printing, allow for the creation of scaffolds that are tailored to specific patient defects, enhancing integration with native tissue [ 65 , 66 ]. Scaffolds can be divided into natural polymers or inorganics and synthetic polymers or inorganics.…”