3D Printing of CNT- and YSZ-Added Dental Resin-Based Composites by Digital Light Processing and Their Mechanical Properties

Abstract

This study demonstrates the successful 3D printing of dental resin-based composites (DRCs) containing ceramic particles using the digital light processing (DLP) technique. The mechanical properties and oral rinsing stability of the printed composites were evaluated. DRCs have been extensively studied for restorative and prosthetic dentistry due to their clinical performance and aesthetic quality. They are often subjected to periodic environmental stress, and thus can easily undergo undesirable premature failure. Here, we investigated the effects of two different high-strength and biocompatible ceramic additives, carbon nanotube (CNT) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), on the mechanical properties and oral rinsing stabilities of DRCs. Dental resin matrices containing different wt.% of CNT or YSZ were printed using the DLP technique after analyzing the rheological behavior of slurries. Mechanical properties such as Rockwell hardness and flexural strength, as well as the oral rinsing stability of the 3D-printed composites, were systematically investigated. The results indicated that a DRC with 0.5 wt.% YSZ exhibits the highest hardness of 19.8 ± 0.6 HRB and a flexural strength flexural strength of 50.6 ± 6 MPa, as well as reasonable oral rinsing steadiness. This study provides a fundamental perspective for designing advanced dental materials containing biocompatible ceramic particles.

Use of Biomaterials in 3D Printing as a Solution to Microbial Infections in Arthroplasty and Osseous Reconstruction

“…Zircon dioxide, also known as zirconia , occurs naturally as the mineral baddeleyite [ 227 , 228 ] and has excellent mechanical properties [ 229 ]; it is considered as both the most durable and aesthetically acceptable prosthesis [ 230 , 231 , 232 ]. Its biochemical and physicochemical properties justify its extensive use [ 231 , 233 , 234 ] considering its lack of bioactive properties [ 124 ]; nonetheless, there are some drawbacks associated with its 3D printing uses [ 231 , 235 , 236 , 237 ]. A few of the properties of zirconia, such as its low cytotoxicity and resistance to colonization of bacteria, and also good 3D printability, make this material relevant for review [ 234 , 238 ].…”

“…Its biochemical and physicochemical properties justify its extensive use [ 231 , 233 , 234 ] considering its lack of bioactive properties [ 124 ]; nonetheless, there are some drawbacks associated with its 3D printing uses [ 231 , 235 , 236 , 237 ]. A few of the properties of zirconia, such as its low cytotoxicity and resistance to colonization of bacteria, and also good 3D printability, make this material relevant for review [ 234 , 238 ]. Zirconia has been tested for antibacterial action, when nanomodified [ 239 ], with a chitosan-containing surface modification [ 240 ], or when combined with Ag nanoparticles [ 241 ]; all such tests have proved successful.…”

Comparison of the Intensity of Biofilm Production by Oral Microflora and Its Adhesion on the Surface of Zirconia Produced in Additive and Subtractive Technology: An In Vitro Study

“…In recent years, scientists have also become interested in the additive manufacturing of zirconium oxide using 3D printing. This printing is performed using various technologies, and the most popular ones include LCM (Lithography-based Ceramic Manufacturing), SLA (Stereolithography), and DLP (Digital Light Processing) [ 12 , 13 ]. However, these technologies are not widely used in clinical practice, despite their many advantages, such as printing in various porosities and densities [ 14 ], as well as the possibility of producing geometrically complex structures [ 15 ].…”

Innovation and Evaluations of 3D Printing Resins Modified with Zirconia Nanoparticles and Silver Nanoparticle-Immobilized Halloysite Nanotubes for Dental Restoration

“…Moreover, ZrO 2 has brilliant strength and fracture toughness, two properties that are often mutually exclusive in most materials. Furthermore, findings demonstrated that various ceramicand polymer-based composites' thermomechanical, physical, and biological qualities were improved by the inclusion of ZrO 2 particles [12]. Researchers in dentistry investigated the potential benefits of incorporating ZrO 2 particles into resin-based materials.…”