A prediction-based multi-objective optimisation (PBMO) method is proposed for 3D printing (3DP) technology to predict and reduce resource requirements on-demand, including time, energy and material. In the authors’ previous research work, a hybrid code-based and data-driven modelling (HCDM) scheme has been proposed to forecast 3DP resource consumption. The predictive models are customised based on process parameters, material deposition paths and machine behaviours. Aiming at the appropriate process parameters that consume the least resources, this study further utilises the models as three objectives to be minimised. Meta-heuristic algorithm is adopted to construct the optimisation framework, in which the HCDM process is embedded in the fitness evaluation step. To validate the proposed method, the corresponding computing program is compiled using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and demonstrated on two material extrusion (MEX) machines. Hypervolume is used as the Lebesgue measure to evaluate the superiorities of near-optimal solutions on the non-dominated Pareto front. In three-dimensional objective space, the solution set that occupies the maximum hypervolume will be recommended as the optimal-found solutions for 3DP. In addition to 3DP, the proposed optimisation method is applicable to mainstream computer numerical control (CNC) manufacturing technologies, and will guide process design to promote resource conservation for cleaner production.