3D printing of dual-cure benzoxazine networks

Weigand, Jeremy; Miller, Christopher I.; Janisse, Andrew P.; McNair, Olivia; Kim, Dong Kyu; Wiggins, Jeffrey S.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122193

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In general, PBzs emerged as a promising class of thermoset polymers exhibiting versatility in a wide range of applications including adhesives [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], flame resistant polymers [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], cathodic material in batteries [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], coatings [ 14 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], materials for aerospace applications [ 29 ], carbon dioxide adsorbent [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], detection of metal ions [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], 3D printing [ 39 ] and electronics [ 40 , 41 ]. Besides effective compatibilization with many polymers, they also offer notable properties such as good mechanical strength [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], high thermal stability [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], flame retardance […”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

et al. 2021

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Due to their outstanding and versatile properties, polybenzoxazines have quickly occupied a great niche of applications. Developing the ability to polymerize benzoxazine resin at lower temperatures than the current capability is essential in taking advantage of these exceptional properties and remains to be most challenging subject in the field. The current review is classified into several parts to achieve this goal. In this review, fundamentals on the synthesis and evolution of structure, which led to classification of PBz in different generations, are discussed. Classifications of PBzs are defined depending on building block as well as how structure is evolved and property obtained. Progress on the utility of biobased feedstocks from various bio-/waste-mass is also discussed and compared, wherever possible. The second part of review discusses the probable polymerization mechanism proposed for the ring-opening reactions. This is complementary to the third section, where the effect of catalysts/initiators has on triggering polymerization at low temperature is discussed extensively. The role of additional functionalities in influencing the temperature of polymerization is also discussed. There has been a shift in paradigm beyond the lowering of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) temperature and other areas of interest, such as adaptation of molecular functionality with simultaneous improvement of properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

et al. 2021

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“…Jeremy and coworkers reported a similar method. [ 15 ] They improved the glass transition temperature ( T g ) and storage modulus by a dual‐cured formulation based on a multifunctional benzoxazine monomer. Guo et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jeremy and coworkers reported a similar method. [15] They improved the glass transition temperature (T g )…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of High‐Performance Isocyanate Ester Thermosets

Jiang

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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High-performance materials for 3D printing are increasingly desired to meet more and more requirements from various fields including aerospace and high-tech equipment. In this study, 3D printing of isocyanate ester thermosets with high performances, such as excellent mechanical properties and thermal resistance, is realized with a facile method. A precursor of acrylate isocyanate ester with good photocuring capability is first synthesized with the reaction of tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate and hydroxypropyl acrylate. Then, mixed with diluent NeoRad U-6282 and photoinitiator Irgacure 819, it forms ultraviolet curable resins for 3D printing. The digital light processing 3D printing of the resins results in high-precision 3D structures, which finally turn out highperformance thermoset materials after the cross-linking of isocyanate groups at elevated temperature. 3D printing of isocyanate ester thermosets with high printing accuracy, excellent mechanical properties, and good heat resistance will expand the applications of 3D printing by meeting the high demands from many industries on both mechanical and thermal performance.

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“…The use of benzoxazines in 3D-printing dual-curing systems has been also recently reported in the literature. Weigand et al [ 71 ] synthesized a bisphenol A-benzoxazine-dimethacrylate monomer and used it in combination with an acrylate reactive diluent for viscosity control. A thermal postcuring process was carried out at 200 °C to promote benzoxazine ring-opening.…”

Section: Sequential Dual-curing Systems Combining Two Polymerizatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of 3D-Printable Materials by Dual-Curing Procedures

et al. 2020

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Dual-curing thermosetting systems are recently being developed as an alternative to conventional curing systems due to their processing flexibility and the possibility of enhancing the properties of cured parts in single- or multi-stage processing scenarios. Most dual-curing systems currently employed in three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are aimed at improving the quality and properties of the printed parts. However, further benefit can be obtained from control in the curing sequence, making it possible to obtain partially reacted 3D-printed parts with tailored structure and properties, and to complete the reaction by activation of a second polymerization reaction in a subsequent processing stage. This paves the way for a range of novel applications based on the controlled reactivity and functionality of this intermediate material and the final consolidation of the 3D-printed part after this second processing stage. In this review, different strategies and the latest developments based on the concept of dual-curing are analyzed, with a focus on the enhanced functionality and emerging applications of the processed materials.

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3D printing of dual-cure benzoxazine networks

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

3D Printing of High‐Performance Isocyanate Ester Thermosets

Enhancement of 3D-Printable Materials by Dual-Curing Procedures

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