“…More recently, Zhou et al [103] deposited two MOFs, HKUST-1 and MIL-100(Fe), on the surface of silica grids printed following the direct-ink writing (DIW) approach and presenting two levels of macroporosity: large macropores of about 1 mm, generated by 3Dprinting a grid-like pattern, and smaller macropores of about 2 m, due to the addition of polystyrene beads in the ink. After combustion of the beads and sintering at 900 °C, fully macroporous solids were obtained (total pore volume = 0.01 cm 3 g -1 as given by N 2 physisorption).…”
Metal-organic frameworks represent a class of porous materials which developed considerably over the past few years. Their porous structure makes them outperforming conventional adsorbents in hot topics such as dihydrogen...
“…More recently, Zhou et al [103] deposited two MOFs, HKUST-1 and MIL-100(Fe), on the surface of silica grids printed following the direct-ink writing (DIW) approach and presenting two levels of macroporosity: large macropores of about 1 mm, generated by 3Dprinting a grid-like pattern, and smaller macropores of about 2 m, due to the addition of polystyrene beads in the ink. After combustion of the beads and sintering at 900 °C, fully macroporous solids were obtained (total pore volume = 0.01 cm 3 g -1 as given by N 2 physisorption).…”
Metal-organic frameworks represent a class of porous materials which developed considerably over the past few years. Their porous structure makes them outperforming conventional adsorbents in hot topics such as dihydrogen...
“…Pyrolysis of MOFs is known to produce highly porous carbon materials with uniformly distributed metal particles [52]. If MOFs are incorporated into a photopolymer composition [19,29], such materials can be obtained in a variety of complex geometries for use in catalysis [13]. To increase their porosity, however, the use of a larger amount of a MOF is not an option, as its content dramatically affects the processibility of the photopolymer composition.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They can both produce functionalized objects from composite materials [12] containing the polymer matrix with a filler that provides the needed functionality. Inorganic nanoparticles may be added to increase the catalytic activity of the 3D-printed objects [13], such as zeolites and metal-organic frameworks, to increase their adsorption characteristics [14], and graphene, to improve their electrical conductivity [15].…”
Here we report new porous carbon materials obtained by 3D printing from photopolymer compositions with zinc- and nickel-based metal–organic frameworks, ZIF-8 and Ni-BTC, followed by high-temperature pyrolysis. The pyrolyzed materials that retain the shapes of complex objects contain pores, which were produced by boiling zinc and magnetic nickel particles. The two thus provided functionalities—large specific surface area and ferromagnetism—that pave the way towards creating heterogenous catalysts that can be easily removed from reaction mixtures in industrial catalytic processes.
“…In 2020, Liu et al [ 97 ] also reported the successful fabrication of a MOFs hierarchical porous catalyst using a direct ink writing (DIW) method. The procedure was similar to the previous report by Lim et al .…”
Section: Role Of 3-d Printing In Chemistry and Associated Fieldsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Figure 23 Preparation scheme of the 3- D -printed ceramic support and the MOF surface modification. Adapted with permission from reference [ 97 ]. Copyright [2020], [Elsevier] …”
Section: Role Of 3-d Printing In Chemistry and Associated Fieldsmentioning
Graphical abstract
Three-dimensional (3-
D
) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, refers to a method used to generate a physical object by joining materials in a layer-by-layer process from a three-dimensional virtual model. 3-
D
printing technology has been traditionally employed in rapid prototyping, engineering, and industrial design. More recently, new applications continue to emerge; this is because of its exceptional advantage and flexibility over the traditional manufacturing process. Unlike other conventional manufacturing methods, which are fundamentally subtractive, 3
-D
printing is additive and, therefore, produces less waste. This review comprehensively summarises the application of additive manufacturing technologies in chemistry, chemical synthesis, and catalysis with particular attention to the production of general laboratory hardware, analytical facilities, reaction devices, and catalytically active substances. It also focuses on new and upcoming applications such as digital chemical synthesis, automation, and robotics in a synthetic environment. While discussing the contribution of this research area in the last decade, the current, future, and economic opportunities of additive manufacturing in chemical research and material development were fully covered.
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