3D Printing of Poly(lactic acid)

Eynde, Michael Van den; Puyvelde, Peter Van

doi:10.1007/12_2017_28

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The temperature history of the interfaces plays an important role in determining the bonding quality between these deposited layers and the formation of bonds among the polymer filaments in the FDM parts which are driven by the thermal energy of the extruded material. The bonding quality also depends on the molecular diffusion and randomization of the polymer chains across the interface and on the growth of the neck formed between the adjacent filaments [41][42][43]. In general, thermoplastics such as ABS, PLA [41][42][43][44][45], polyamide (PA) [46] and polycarbonate (PC) [47] are used as filaments in the 3D printers.…”

Section: The Use Of Pla In 3d Printers and The Present Drawbacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this value is actually comparable to that of poly(ethylene terephthalate) [6], the use of PLA in low toughness and high stress levels remains limited. It is expected that the range of the use of PLA filaments will expand with the development of 3D printing technology [43,[53][54][55].…”

Section: The Use Of Pla In 3d Printers and The Present Drawbacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PLA objects have become increasingly used in biopolymer research due to its biocompatibility and sustainability properties with the discovery of new processing paths based on the 3D printing methodology. There are three main 3D printing (additive manufacturing) routes, extrusion-based 3D printing techniques, powder-based laser sintering and stereolithography (SLA) processes [43].…”

Section: D Printed Pla Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Modification of 3D Printed PLA Objects by Fused Deposition Modeling: A Review

Baran

Erbil

2019

Colloids and Interfaces

164

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Polylactic acid (PLA) filaments are very popular as a thermoplastic source used in the 3D printing field by the “Fused Deposition Modeling” method in the last decade. The PLA market is expected to reach 5.2 billion US dollars in 2020 for all of its industrial uses. On the other hand, 3D printing is an expanding technology that has a large economic potential in many industries where PLA is one of the main choices as the source polymer due to its ease of printing, environmentally friendly nature, glossiness and multicolor appearance properties. In this review, we first reported the chemical structure, production methods, general properties, and present market of the PLA. Then, the chemical modification possibilities of PLA and its use in 3D printers, present drawbacks, and the surface modification methods of PLA polymers in many different fields were discussed. Specifically, the 3D printing method where the PLA filaments are used in the extrusion-based 3D printing technologies is reviewed in this article. Many methods have been proposed for the permanent surface modifications of the PLA where covalent attachments were formed such as alkaline surface hydrolysis, atom transfer polymerization, photografting by UV light, plasma treatment, and chemical reactions after plasma treatment. Some of these methods can be applied for surface modifications of PLA objects obtained by 3D printing for better performance in biomedical uses and other fields. Some recent publications reporting the surface modification of 3D printed PLA objects were also discussed.

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Section: The Use Of Pla In 3d Printers and The Present Drawbacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Use Of Pla In 3d Printers and The Present Drawbacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D Printed Pla Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Surface Modification of 3D Printed PLA Objects by Fused Deposition Modeling: A Review

Baran

Erbil

2019

Colloids and Interfaces

164

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“…Polylactic acid (PLA), an aliphatic polyester derived from 100% renewable resources, represents a common thermoplastic polymer utilized most often in the AM fields, taking into account its excellent biocompatibility and environmental sustainability, absence of unpleasant odors during handling, and production of final products with fair precision tolerance [ 4 ]. In order to improve the stiffness and strength of the developed 3D printed PLA-based materials, without altering the biodegradability of the developed compounds, the incorporation of natural fillers such as wood [ 5 ], hemp [ 6 ], flax [ 7 ], and jute [ 8 ]—and recently also hybrid combinations of hemp and sisal [ 9 ], and flax and jute [ 10 ]—have been explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Processing Conditions on the Mechanical Performance of Sustainable Bio-Based PLA Compounds

Patti

Acierno²,

Latteri

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Cellulose/PLA-based blends (up to 77 vol./vol.% of the added fibers) for applications in extrusion-based technology were realized in an internal mixer by setting different operating conditions. In particular, both the mixing time and temperature were increased in order to simulate a recycling operation (10 or 25 min, 170 or 190 °C) and gain information on the potential reuse of the developed systems. The torque measurements during the compound’s preparation, and the compound’s mechanical tensile features, both in the static and dynamic mode, were evaluated for each investigated composition. The final results confirmed a reduction of the torque trend over time for the PLA matrix, which was attributed to a possible degradation mechanism, and confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical behaviour of the pristine polymer changed from elastoplastic to brittle, with a significant loss in ductility going from the lower mixing temperatures up to the higher ones for the longest time. Through the addition of cellulose fibers into the composite systems, a higher stabilization of the torque in the time and an improvement in the mechanical performance were always verified compared to the neat PLA, with a maximum increase in the Young modulus (+100%) and the tensile strength (+57%), and a partial recovery of the ductility.

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“…For light-assisted fabrication, photopolymerizable PLA can be synthesized by methacrylation and mixed with a photo-initiator to form light active photoresin. A review of PLA for additive manufacturing for biomedical applications is given by van den Eynde [151].…”

Section: Polylactic Acid (Pla)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered 3D Polymer and Hydrogel Microenvironments for Cell Culture Applications

2019

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The realization of biomimetic microenvironments for cell biology applications such as organ-on-chip, in vitro drug screening, and tissue engineering is one of the most fascinating research areas in the field of bioengineering. The continuous evolution of additive manufacturing techniques provides the tools to engineer these architectures at different scales. Moreover, it is now possible to tailor their biomechanical and topological properties while taking inspiration from the characteristics of the extracellular matrix, the three-dimensional scaffold in which cells proliferate, migrate, and differentiate. In such context, there is therefore a continuous quest for synthetic and nature-derived composite materials that must hold biocompatible, biodegradable, bioactive features and also be compatible with the envisioned fabrication strategy. The structure of the current review is intended to provide to both micro-engineers and cell biologists a comparative overview of the characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks of the major 3D printing techniques, the most promising biomaterials candidates, and the trade-offs that must be considered in order to replicate the properties of natural microenvironments.

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3D Printing of Poly(lactic acid)

Cited by 43 publications

References 92 publications

Surface Modification of 3D Printed PLA Objects by Fused Deposition Modeling: A Review

Surface Modification of 3D Printed PLA Objects by Fused Deposition Modeling: A Review

Influence of the Processing Conditions on the Mechanical Performance of Sustainable Bio-Based PLA Compounds

Engineered 3D Polymer and Hydrogel Microenvironments for Cell Culture Applications

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