3D Printing of Ultralow-Concentration 2D Nanomaterial Inks for Multifunctional Architectures

MXene and graphene cryogels have demonstrated excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness due to their exceptional electrical conductivity, low density, and ability to dissipate electromagnetic waves through numerous internal interfaces. However, their synthesis demands costly reduction techniques and/or pre‐processing methods such as freeze‐casting to achieve high EMI shielding and mechanical performance. Furthermore, limited research has been conducted on optimizing the cryogel microstructures and porosity to enhance EMI shielding effectiveness while reducing materials consumption. Herein, a novel approach to produce ultra‐lightweight cryogels composed of Ti3C2Tx/graphene oxide (GO) displaying multiscale porosity is presented to enable high‐performance EMI shielding. This method uses controllable templating through the interfacial assembly of filamentous‐structured liquids that are readily converted into EMI cryogels. The obtained ultra‐flyweight cryogels (3–7 mg cm−3) exhibit outstanding specific EMI shielding effectiveness (33 000–50 000 dB cm2 g−1) while eliminating the need for chemical or thermal reduction. Furthermore, exceptional shielding is achieved when the Ti3C2Tx/GO cryogels are used as the backbone of conductive epoxy nanocomposites, yielding EMI shielding effectiveness of 31.7–51.4 dB at a low filler loading (0.3–0.7 wt%). Overall, a one‐of‐a‐kind EMI shielding system is introduced that is readily processed while affording scalability and performance.

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“…This skin prevented the breakup of the aqueous jet into droplets and suppressed Plateau–Rayleigh instabilities. [ 8–28 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐Flyweight Cryogels of MXene/Graphene Oxide for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Ghaffarkhah

Hashemi

Rostami

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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“…The aqueous dispersion of Ti 3 C 2 T x NS was added into the oil phase dissolved octadecyl amine (ODA), leading to electrostatic interactions between ligands and MXene NS. [ 98 ] This leads to the formation of nanoparticle surfactants that assemble at the oil–water interfaces that have sufficiently high binding energy to afford to jam the 2D material and form stable emulsion droplets with enhanced rheological properties. This enabled the direct 3D printing of the emulsions into macroscopic architectures with an electric conductivity of 4.03 S cm −1 and EMI shielding of 64 dB at a low concentration of 4.1 mg cm −3 and thickness of 2700 µm.…”

Section: Processing Strategies For Emi Shielding Mxene‐based Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure Design and Processing Strategies of MXene‐Based Materials for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

et al. 2023

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The development of new materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is an important area of research, as it allows for the creation of more effective and high‐efficient shielding solutions. In this sense, MXenes, a class of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides have exhibited promising performances as EMI shielding materials. Electric conductivity, low density, and flexibility are some of the properties given by MXene materials, which make them very attractive in the field. Different processing techniques have been employed to produce MXene‐based materials with EMI shielding properties. This review summarizes processes and the role of key parameters like the content of fillers and thickness in the desired EMI shielding performance. It also discusses the determination of power coefficients in defining the EMI shielding mechanism and the concept of green shielding materials, as well as their influence on the real application of a produced material. The review concludes with a summary of current challenges and prospects in the production of MXene materials as EMI shields.

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“…Two-dimensional transition-metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have attracted ever-increasing research attention in many aspects because of their excellent metallic conductivity, high mechanical strengths, , and excellent hydrophilicity . These outstanding performances suggest that MXenes are promising in various applications such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, − capacitors, , sensors, − transparent electrodes, and polymer nanocomposites. , The key to these applications is the manufacturing of advanced MXene-based architectures, which depends on the solution processing of MXene dispersions/inks. The hydrophilic surface functional groups (i.e., O, OH, and F) provide MXene high solubility in water and some polar solvents (such as N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF), N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulfoxide) that possess high surface tension, high boiling point, and high dielectric constant, which brings some new problems to the liquid-phase processing of MXene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Janus MXene Inks for Versatile Functional Coatings on Arbitrary Substrates

Chen

Deng

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Solution processing of two-dimensional nanomaterial inks guarantees efficient, straightforward fabrication of functional films, coatings, flexible devices, etc. Despite the excellent solution processibility and viscoelasticity of MXene aqueous inks, formulation of nonaqueous MXene inks with great affinity to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates has proven quite challenging, limiting the practical applications of MXenes in printing/coatings on various substrates. Here, MXene surface chemistry is manipulated by asymmetrically grafting polystyrene and further concentrating the flakes into additive-free Janus MXene organic inks. The modified MXene nanosheets exhibit hydrophilicity on one side and hydrophobicity on the other. As a result, Janus MXene nanosheets ensure broad dispersibility in polar and nonpolar solvents, which in turn greatly extends the ink shelf life by slowing down the oxidation kinetics. Janus MXene sheets dispersed in toluene at room temperature remain at 90% of the initial solids after 1 month of storage. Janus surface engineering on MXene flakes guarantees the straightforward formation of uniform yet firm, large-area coatings on hydrophilic or hydrophobic substrates. These coatings demonstrate improved photothermal properties and chemical stability as well as good electromagnetic interference shielding performance. This strategy provides a simple and cost-effective way to promote the performance of MXene electronics in a variety of applications.

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3D Printing of Ultralow-Concentration 2D Nanomaterial Inks for Multifunctional Architectures

Cited by 46 publications

References 48 publications

Ultra‐Flyweight Cryogels of MXene/Graphene Oxide for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Ultra‐Flyweight Cryogels of MXene/Graphene Oxide for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Structure Design and Processing Strategies of MXene‐Based Materials for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Two-Dimensional Janus MXene Inks for Versatile Functional Coatings on Arbitrary Substrates

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