3D printing: Overview of ABS evolvement

Selvamani, S. K.; Samykano, M.; Subramaniam, S. R.; Ngui, Wai Keng; Kadirgama, K.; Kanagaraj, G.; Idris, Mohd Nazri

doi:10.1063/1.5085984

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The materials used in AM include polymers, metals, ceramics and composites that could be in the forms of a semi-liquid, a liquid or a powder depending on the type of 3D printing process [ 2 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Since the 1980s, a wide range of 3D printing methods has been invented due to the high demand by manufacturing industries, and those can be categorized as stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), laminated object manufacturing (LOM), solvent cast direct writing (SC-DW) and fused deposition modelling (FDM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments

2020

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Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing methods used in printing fibre-reinforced composites (FRC). The performances of the resulting printed parts are limited compared to those by other manufacturing methods due to their inherent defects. Hence, the effort to develop treatment methods to overcome these drawbacks has accelerated during the past few years. The main focus of this study is to review the impact of those defects on the mechanical performance of FRC and therefore to discuss the available treatment methods to eliminate or minimize them in order to enhance the functional properties of the printed parts. As FRC is a combination of polymer matrix material and continuous or short reinforcing fibres, this review will thoroughly discuss both thermoplastic polymers and FRCs printed via FDM technology, including the effect of printing parameters such as layer thickness, infill pattern, raster angle and fibre orientation. The most common defects on printed parts, in particular, the void formation, surface roughness and poor bonding between fibre and matrix, are explored. An inclusive discussion on the effectiveness of chemical, laser, heat and ultrasound treatments to minimize these drawbacks is provided by this review.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments

2020

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“…It is an amorphous material, hard, rigid, and has great resistance to abrasion [57]. Just like other polymer materials, ABS melts during heating, solidifies when cooled which can be remolded or reshaped at a specific temperature, and is a very suitable polymer for FDM [58]. Other physical properties (thermal, mechanical, etc.)…”

Section: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (Abs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Processing of 3D-Printed Polymers

et al. 2021

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Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is an advancement over traditional formative manufacturing methods. It can increase efficiency in manufacturing operations highlighting advantages such as rapid prototyping, reduction of waste, reduction of manufacturing time and cost, and increased flexibility in a production setting. The additive manufacturing (AM) process consists of five steps: (1) preparation of 3D models for printing (designing the part/object), (2) conversion to STL file, (3) slicing and setting of 3D printing parameters, (4) actual printing, and (5) finishing/post-processing methods. Very often, the 3D printed part is sufficient by itself without further post-printing processing. However, many applications still require some forms of post-processing, especially those for industrial applications. This review focuses on the importance of different finishing/post-processing methods for 3D-printed polymers. Different 3D printing technologies and materials are considered in presenting the authors’ perspective. The advantages and disadvantages of using these methods are also discussed together with the cost and time in doing the post-processing activities. Lastly, this review also includes discussions on the enhancement of properties such as electrical, mechanical, and chemical, and other characteristics such as geometrical precision, durability, surface properties, and aesthetic value with post-printing processing. Future perspectives is also provided towards the end of this review.

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“…The popularity of this method was determined primarily by the low price of the devices (printers), the availability of a wide range of processed materials, and the possibility of their easy replacement [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The most popular plastics used in this method are poly (lactic acid)-PLA [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer-ABS [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], and polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified copolymer-GPET [ 10 , 11 ]. The popularity of PLA is mainly related to the excellent processability of this material; the low melting point and low processing shrinkage render this material perfect for FDM process conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Manufacturing Concept of LCP Fiber-Reinforced GPET-Based Sandwich Structures with an FDM 3D-Printed Core

2022

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The presented research was focused on the development of a new method of sandwich structure manufacturing involving FDM-printing (fused deposition modeling) techniques and compression molding. The presented concept allows for the preparation of thermoplastic-based composites with enhanced mechanical properties. The sample preparation process consists of 3D printing the sandwich’s core structure using the FDM method. For comparison purposes, we used two types of GPET (copolymer of polyethylene terephthalate)-based filaments, pure resin, and carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced filaments. The outer reinforcing layer “skins” of the sandwich structure were prepared from the compression molded prepregs made from the LCP (liquid-crystal polymer)-fiber fabric with the GPET-based matrix. The final product consisting of an FDM-printed core and LCP-based prepreg was prepared using the compression molding method. The prepared samples were subjected to detailed materials analyses, including thermal analyses (thermogravimetry-TGA, differencial scanning calorimetry-DSC, and dynamic thermal-mechanical analysis-DMTA) and mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, and impact). As indicated by the static test results, the modulus and strength of the prepared composites were slightly improved; however, the stiffness of the prepared materials was more related to the presence of the CF-reinforced filament than the presence of the composite prepreg. The main advantage of using the developed method is revealed during impact tests. Due to the presence of long LCP fibers, the prepared sandwich samples are characterized by very high impact resistance. The impact strength increased from 1.7 kJ/m2 for pure GPET samples to 50.4 kJ/m2 for sandwich composites. For GPET/CF samples, the increase is even greater. The advantages of the developed solution were illustrated during puncture tests in which none of the sandwich samples were pierced.

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3D printing: Overview of ABS evolvement

Cited by 32 publications

References 52 publications

FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments

FDM-Based 3D Printing of Polymer and Associated Composite: A Review on Mechanical Properties, Defects and Treatments

Post-Processing of 3D-Printed Polymers

A Novel Manufacturing Concept of LCP Fiber-Reinforced GPET-Based Sandwich Structures with an FDM 3D-Printed Core

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