3D printing with recycled ABS resin: Effect of blending and printing temperature

Mishra, Vishal; Ror, CH Kapil; Negi, Sushant; Kar, Simanchal; Borah, Lakshi Nandan

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2023.128317

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The findings contradict evidence from Beltrán et al [ 44 ] that repeated recycling of polymers does not alter their mechanical properties. Concerning ABS results from Cress et al [ 46 ] and Mishra et al [ 107 ] suggest that the material properties do not change regardless of the repeated heat treatment during recycling and making 3D filaments. Rigon, Ricotta, and Meneghetti [ 48 ] and Atakok, Kam, and Koc [ 41 ] also found that 3D printing filaments from recycled ABS have properties not found in virgin filaments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, evidence of the consistent decline of mechanical properties of polymers following recycling is demonstrated by experiments carried out by Sun et al [ 75 ], Nagengast et al [ 84 ], and Bergaliyeva et al [ 63 ]. On the other hand, Beltrán et al [ 44 ], Cress et al [ 46 ], and Mishra et al [ 107 ] relied on secondary evidence to ascertain the changes in the mechanical properties of recycled polymers. Therefore, variations in the findings can result from differences in research designs and data analysis approaches adopted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, Beltrán et al [44], Cress et al [46], and Mishra et al [107] relied on secondary evidence to ascertain the changes in the mechanical properties of recycled polymers. Therefore, variations in the findings can result from differences in research designs and data analysis approaches adopted.…”

Section: D Printing As a Plastic Recycling Methods And Its Advantages...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Viability of 3D Printing in Recycling Polymers

Maraveas,

Kyrtopoulos,

Arvanitis

2024

Polymers

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The increased use of plastics in industrial and agricultural applications has led to high levels of pollution worldwide and is a significant challenge. To address this plastic pollution, conventional methods such as landfills and incineration are used, leading to further challenges such as the generation of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, increasing interest has been directed to identifying alternative methods to dispose of plastic waste from agriculture. The novelty of the current research arose from the lack of critical reviews on how 3-Dimensional (3D) printing was adopted for recycling plastics, its application in the production of agricultural plastics, and its specific benefits, disadvantages, and limitations in recycling plastics. The review paper offers novel insights regarding the application of 3D printing methods including Fused Particle Fabrication (FPF), Hot Melt Extrusion (HME), and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) to make filaments from plastics. However, the methods were adopted in local recycling setups where only small quantities of the raw materials were considered. Data was collected using a systematic review involving 39 studies. Findings showed that the application of the 3D printing methods led to the generation of agricultural plastics such as Polylactic Acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), which were found to have properties comparable to those of virgin plastic, suggesting the viability of 3D printing in managing plastic pollution. However, limitations were also associated with the 3D printing methods; 3D-printed plastics deteriorated rapidly under Ultraviolet (UV) light and are non-biodegradable, posing further risks of plastic pollution. However, UV stabilization helps reduce plastic deterioration, thus increasing longevity and reducing disposal. Future directions emphasize identifying methods to reduce the deterioration of 3D-printed agricultural plastics and increasing their longevity in addition to UV stability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D Printing As a Plastic Recycling Methods And Its Advantages...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Viability of 3D Printing in Recycling Polymers

Maraveas,

Kyrtopoulos,

Arvanitis

2024

Polymers

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“…This blending aimed to enhance the physiomechanical characteristics of the material intended for 3D printing. The reason behind choosing this specific ratio of waste ABS and VABS was included in a prior study (Mishra et al, 2023a). The 3D-printed recycled ABS composites final mixture was shredded into small pellets termed RABS, which was utilized for filament extrusion.…”

Section: Methodology 221 Materials Processing and Filament Extrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced fracture toughness and tensile strength of 3D printed recycled ABS composites reinforced with continuous metallic fiber for load-bearing application

Mishra,

Ror,

Negi

et al. 2024

RPJ

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Purpose This study aims to present an experimental approach to develop a high-strength 3D-printed recycled polymer composite reinforced with continuous metal fiber. Design/methodology/approach The continuous metal fiber composite was 3D printed using recycled and virgin acrylonitrile butadiene styrene-blended filament (RABS-B) in the ratio of 60:40 and postused continuous brass wire (CBW). The 3D printing was done using an in-nozzle impregnation technique using an FFF printer installed with a self-modified nozzle. The tensile and single-edge notch bend (SENB) test samples are fabricated to evaluate the tensile and fracture toughness properties compared with VABS and RABS-B samples. Findings The tensile and SENB tests revealed that RABS-B/CBW composite 3D printed with 0.7 mm layer spacing exhibited a notable improvement in Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength, elongation at maximum load and fracture toughness by 51.47%, 18.67% and 107.3% and 22.75% compared to VABS, respectively. Social implications This novel approach of integrating CBW with recycled thermoplastic represents a significant leap forward in material science, delivering superior strength and unlocking the potential for advanced, sustainable composites in demanding engineering fields. Originality/value Limited research has been conducted on the in-nozzle impregnation technique for 3D printing metal fiber-reinforced recycled thermoplastic composites. Adopting this method holds the potential to create durable and high-strength sustainable composites suitable for engineering applications, thereby diminishing dependence on virgin materials.

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“…This could be explained by the higher nozzle temperature in the FFF process, causing additional residual stress. An increased printing temperature may cause over-melting and material degradation, leading to dimensional irregularities that subsequently affect the overall shrinkage of the printed part [59], while the DPAM printer with a three-zone heating system improved heat dispersion along the extruder. On the contrary, as shown in Figure 7B (white parts), the rPP parts produced via DPAM showed greater shrinkage, due to the incomplete optimization of the printing settings, as it is likely that too high a temperature was employed in the three zones of the DPAM machine extruder.…”

Section: Morphological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Degradation Mechanisms, Quality, and Energy Usage for Pellet- and Filament-Based Material Extrusion for Short Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites with Recycled Polymer Matrices

Baddour,

Fiorillo,

Trossaert

et al. 2024

J. Compos. Sci.

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Short carbon fiber (sCF)-based polymer composite parts enable one to increase in the material property range for additive manufacturing (AM) applications. However, room for technical and material improvement is still possible, bearing in mind that the commonly used fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique is prone to an extra filament-making step. Here, we compare FFF with direct pellet additive manufacturing (DPAM) for sCF-based composites, taking into account degradation reactions, print quality, and energy usage. On top of that, the matrix is based on industrial waste polymers (recycled polycarbonate blended with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer and recycled propylene), additives are explored, and the printing settings are optimized, benefiting from molecular, rheological, thermal, morphological, and material property analyses. Despite this, DPAM resulted in a rougher surface finish compared to FFF and can be seen as a faster printing technique that reduces energy consumption and molecular degradation. The findings help formulate guidelines for the successful DPAM and FFF of sCF-based composite materials in view of better market appreciation.

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3D printing with recycled ABS resin: Effect of blending and printing temperature

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of the Viability of 3D Printing in Recycling Polymers

Evaluation of the Viability of 3D Printing in Recycling Polymers

Enhanced fracture toughness and tensile strength of 3D printed recycled ABS composites reinforced with continuous metallic fiber for load-bearing application

Comparing Degradation Mechanisms, Quality, and Energy Usage for Pellet- and Filament-Based Material Extrusion for Short Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites with Recycled Polymer Matrices

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