3D Puzzle in Cube Pattern for Anisotropic/Isotropic Mechanical Control of Structure Fabricated by Metal Additive Manufacturing

Abstract

Metal additive manufacturing is a powerful tool for providing the desired functional performance through a three-dimensional (3D) structural design. Among the material functions, anisotropic mechanical properties are indispensable for enabling the capabilities of structural materials for living tissues. For biomedical materials to replace bone function, it is necessary to provide an anisotropic mechanical property that mimics that of bones. For desired control of the mechanical performance of the materials, we propose a novel 3D puzzle structure with cube-shaped parts comprising 27 (3 × 3 × 3) unit compartments. We designed and fabricated a Co–Cr–Mo composite structure through spatial control of the positional arrangement of powder/solid parts using the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) method. The mechanical function of the fabricated structure can be predicted using the rule of mixtures based on the arrangement pattern of each part. The solid parts in the cubic structure were obtained by melting and solidifying the metal powder with a laser, while the powder parts were obtained through the remaining nonmelted powders inside the structure. This is the first report to achieve an innovative material design that can provide an anisotropic Young’s modulus by arranging the powder and solid parts using additive manufacturing technology.

Review — Research and Development of Titanium-Containing Biomedical High Entropy Alloys (BioHEAs) Utilizing Rapid Solidification via Laser-Powder Bed Fusion

“…The L-PBF method can produce the desired shape with high accuracy. 28,29) Furthermore, it is possible to control the material properties for each location. Living bones are the targets of implanting a biological metal material.…”

Review — Microstructural Control and Functional Enhancement of Light Metal Materials via Metal Additive Manufacturing

“…4,5) Tuning the mechanical properties of materials using structuring uniquely achievable by the PBF method has already been reported. 6,7) From a microstructural perspective, the Ti6Al4V alloy undergoes a phase transformation from the bcc-¢ phase to the hcp-¡ (¡A) phase when cooled; 12 variants in the Burgers relationship are selected in a relatively random manner. Furthermore, for the Ti6Al4V alloy, structure size change and martensite (¡A) phase formation as a function of the cooling rate, 8,9) changes in structure/phase composition due to repeated thermal history peculiar to AM, 5) non-uniformity in members, 10) etc.…”

Design and Analysis of a Modified 3D Sudoku Solver

“…Until recently, no extensive research work has been done on 3D Sudoku, even though its application can potentially revolutionise different application areas. Various 3D puzzles are being applied in ongoing research, including structural control in metal additive manufacturing [3], historical artefacts [4], image steganography [5] and security. Hence, an increase in the dimension of a Sudoku puzzle may also enhance many research areas.…”