3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol

Ide, Saya; Kajiwara, Motoki; Imai, Hirohiko; Shimono, Masanori

doi:10.3791/58911-v

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The experimental protocols we employed, which included 3D scanning, immunostaining, and electrical activity measurements, were consistent with those outlined in previously published studies. These protocols, including detailed explanations, have been demonstrated in a video journal ( Ide et al, 2019 ; Kajiwara et al, 2021 ; Shirakami et al, 2022). All animal experiments were performed according to animal experiment protocols approved by the Kyoto University Animal Committee.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before and after the electrical measurements, we measured 3D scans of the brain surface ( Ide et al, 2019 ), and by comparing and superimposing the scan data with the magnetic resonance (MR) images recorded before the brain was extracted, we were able to accurately define the slice positions of individual brain regions with less than one slice resolution ( Fig. 1 a ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 b ). The angle cutting slices was carefully chosen, and the coordinates of the sections, including anterior-posterior coordinates and hemispheres, were recorded in a format when the brain sections were cut, and the slices were also reconfirmed and accurately recorded by embedding them within the MRI space acquired during the MR measurements described above ( Ide et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole-Brain Evaluation of Cortical Microconnectomes

Matsuda,

Shirakami,

Nakajima

et al. 2023

eNeuro

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The brain is an organ that functions as a network of many elements connected in a nonuniform manner. In the brain, the neocortex is evolutionarily newest and is thought to be primarily responsible for the high intelligence of mammals. In the mature mammalian brain, all cortical regions are expected to have some degree of homology, but have some variations of local circuits to achieve specific functions performed by individual regions. However, few cellular-level studies have examined how the networks within different cortical regions differ. This study aimed to find rules for systematic changes of connectivity (microconnectomes) across 16 different cortical region groups. We also observed unknown trends in basic parametersin vitrosuch as firing rate and layer thickness across brain regions. Results revealed that the frontal group shows unique characteristics such as dense active neurons, thick cortex, and strong connections with deeper layers. This suggests the frontal side of the cortex is inherently capable of driving, even in isolation and that frontal nodes provide the driving force generating a global pattern of spontaneous synchronous activity, such as the default mode network. This finding provides a new hypothesis explaining why disruption in the frontal region causes a large impact on mental health.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole-Brain Evaluation of Cortical Microconnectomes

Matsuda,

Shirakami,

Nakajima

et al. 2023

eNeuro

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Mutual generation in neuronal activity across the brain via deep neural approach, and its network interpretation

Nakajima,

Shirakami,

Tsumura

et al. 2023

Commun Biol

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In the brain, many regions work in a network-like association, yet it is not known how durable these associations are in terms of activity and could survive without structural connections. To assess the association or similarity between brain regions with a generating approach, this study evaluated the similarity of activities of neurons within each region after disconnecting between regions. The “generation” approach here refers to using a multi-layer LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) model to learn the rules of activity generation in one region and then apply that knowledge to generate activity in other regions. Surprisingly, the results revealed that activity generation from one region to disconnected regions was possible with similar accuracy to generation between the same regions in many cases. Notably, firing rates and synchronization of firing between neuron pairs, often used as neuronal representations, could be reproduced with precision. Additionally, accuracies were associated with the relative angle between brain regions and the strength of the structural connections that initially connected them. This outcome enables us to look into trends governing non-uniformity of the cortex based on the potential to generate informative data and reduces the need for animal experiments.

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Inhibitory neurons are a Central Controlling regulator in the effective cortical microconnectome

Kajiwara

Nomura

Goetze

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The brain is a network system in which excitatory and inhibitory neurons keep the activity balanced in the highly non-uniform connectivity pattern of the microconnectome. It is well known that the relative percentage of inhibitory neurons is much smaller than excitatory neurons. So, in general, how the inhibitory neurons can keep the balance with the surrounding excitatory neurons is an important question.We observed effective networks, reflecting causal interactions, of ~1000 neurons in cortical acute slices. Surprisingly, we found that inhibitory neurons are not only located at more central positions than excitatory neurons but also have stronger controlling ability of other neurons than excitatory neurons. Besides, we found that the precedence in centrality and controlling ability of inhibitory neurons are well observed in deep cortical layers by comparing with distribution of neurons coloured by NeuN immunostaining data. Preceding the observation, we also found that inhibitory neurons show higher firing rate than excitatory neurons, and that their firing rate also closely obey a log-normal distribution as previously known about excitatory neurons. Additionally, their connectivity strengths also obeyed a log-normal distribution.In summary, within the network interaction of huge numbers of neurons, inhibitory neurons seem to produce a central controlling system that sustains the homeostatic behavior of the brain. A similar evaluation in different life stages and in disease states etc. will not only provide deeper understandings in the homeostasis of the brain, but also will provide a selective and effective way to stimulate individual neurons to modulate neuropsychiatry or neurodegeneration disease states.

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3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Whole-Brain Evaluation of Cortical Microconnectomes

Whole-Brain Evaluation of Cortical Microconnectomes

Mutual generation in neuronal activity across the brain via deep neural approach, and its network interpretation

Inhibitory neurons are a Central Controlling regulator in the effective cortical microconnectome

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