The emergence of computer network virtual experiment teaching provides the possibility to solve the limitations of hardware equipment and time for cultivating computer talents in colleges and universities. Although the network virtual experiment teaching platform can provide learners with an autonomous learning environment, the design of these modules still has problems such as weak integration with the teaching management system, immature functions, and high cost. In order to make the computer network virtual experiment economic teaching platform better integrate with the teaching management system, reduce the cost of investment and provide a better system environment for the development of functions; this research will design the virtual teaching platform through the method of mathematical image and signal processing. By analyzing the functional requirements of the users of the teaching platform, the overall design of the system is determined, and the designed system is specifically implemented and designed for performance testing and functional testing. The functional test results are combined with expectations. The average response time of the system in the performance test results is 0.30 s, which is in line with the expected results. The experiments show that the system designed and developed in this study works well.