3D Simulation of Solid-Melt Mixture Flow with Melt Solidification Using a Finite Volume Particle Method

Abstract

Relocation and freezing of molten core materials mixed with solid phases are among the important thermal-hydraulic phenomena in core disruptive accidents of a liquid-metal-cooled reactor (LMR). To simulate such behavior of molten metal mixed with solid particles flowing onto cold structures, a computational framework was investigated using two moving particle methods, namely, the finite volume particle (FVP) method and the distinct element method (DEM). In FVP, the fluid movement and phase changes are modeled through neighboring fluid particle interactions. For mixed-flow calculations, FVP was coupled with DEM to represent interactions between solid particles and between solid particles and the wall. A 3D computer code developed for solid-liquid mixture flows was validated by a series of pureand mixed-melt freezing experiments using a low-melting-point alloy. A comparison between the results of experiments and simulations demonstrates that the present computational framework based on FVP and DEM is applicable to numerical simulations of solid-liquid mixture flows with freezing process under solid particle influences.KEYWORDS: moving particle methods, finite volume particle (FVP) method, distinct element method (DEM), multiphase flow with phase change

Eulerian vs Lagrangian Method for Low Computational Resources: A Comparison of 2D Dam Break Case

“…The methods then track down the particle's position, and its physical properties change. Detailed information about FVP can be found in our previous studies [27,28].…”

“…PISO algorithm is well known for its accuracy in solving Navier-Stokes equations due to its predictor-corrector step. Application of the PISO algorithm in OpenFOAM can be found in [10,26], while in FVP, it can be found in the previous studies we mentioned above [27,28]. Table 1 summarizes both approaches in detail used in this study.…”

Current Status and Outlook of Low‐Melting‐Point Metals in Biomedical Applications

“…Our objective is to delve deeper into the specific traits of each metal. Phase switching temperature (°C) 15.5 [88] 10 [89] 62 [90] 71 [91] Boiling temperature (°C) 2400 [92] 1300 [93] NA 1760 [96] Density (g cm −3 ) 6.25 [94] 6.44 [94] 7.9 [95] 8.1 [96] Specific heat capacity (J kg −1 K −1 ) 404 [97] 295 [98] 184 [99] 150 [96] Viscosity (Pa s) 1.99 × 10 −3 [ 100] 2.4 × 10 −3 [ 101] 2.7 × 10 −2 [ 95] 2.4 × 10 3 [ 102] Thermal conductivity (W m −1 K −1 ) 26.4 [ 100] 16.5 [98] 4.56 [ 103] 11.1 [96] Electrical conductivity (S m −1 ) 3 . 4 ×10 6 [ 88] 3.46 × 10 6 [ 104] 2.4 × 10 6 [ 105] 1.92 × 10 6 [ 106] Resistivity (Ω cm) 2.94 × 10 −6 [ 107] 2.9 × 10 −5 [ 108] 1.62 × 10 −4 [ 103] 8 × 10 −5 [ 109] Stretchability >600% [ 110] Up to 130% [ 111] NA NA Young's modulus (Pa) 2.1×10 5 [ 97] NA 9.25 ×10 9 [ 112] 1.27 ×10 10[ 113] Surface tension (mN m −1 ) 624 [ 114] 600 [ 115] 410 [99] 1000 [96] Vapor pressure (Pa) <10 −6 [ 116] <10 −8 [ 101] NA NA Prandtl number 0.030 …”

“…In Table 1 , we have compiled the key characteristics of Ga‐ and Bi‐based alloys. [ 88–129 ] Our objective is to delve deeper into the specific traits of each metal.…”