3D soundfield reproduction using higher order loudspeakers

Samarasinghe, Prasanga N.; Poletti, Mark A.; Salehin, S. M. Akramus; Abhayapala, Thushara D.; Fazi, Filippo Maria

doi:10.1109/icassp.2013.6637658

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…1(b), extrapolation of the noise field is required since the RMAs are placed at local origins, which have certain distances to the global origin. In the literature, at least the same number of microphones are required in local origins as in the global origin to reproduce the same sound field in theory [37], [38]. In fact, a much larger number of microphones are required for the precise reproduction of the ROI when the distances between the local origins and the global origin are large.…”

Section: Preliminaries and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical-Harmonic-Domain Feedforward Active Noise Control Using Sparse Decomposition of Reference Signals from Distributed Sensor Arrays

Maeno

Mitsufuji

Samarasinghe

et al. 2020

IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.

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Active acoustic noise attenuation over a sizable space is a challenging problem in signal processing. The noise attenuation performance of feedforward active noise control (ANC) relies on the preciseness of a reference signal of a primary noise field. To capture the precise reference signal for controlling a sizable space, a large number of reference microphones are required, which reduces system viability. In this study, we exploit an efficient representation of the reference signal in spherical harmonic (SH) domain by utilizing the inherent sparseness of the noise field. The main contributions of this work are as follows. (1) A general reference microphone geometry can be used. The implementation difficulty in the array structure, which is recognized as the common issue of SH-domain signal processing, e.g., use of a fully surrounding spherical array, is reduced by using the fields translation based on the addition theorem. (2) The accuracy of low-frequency signal decomposition is improved. The low accuracy of low-frequency signal decomposition in compressive sensing (CS), which is commonly reported in the literature, is improved by applying signal representation in SH domain. (3) System robustness is increased. The robustness of the system is increased by considering a noise source spatial distribution of both the interior and exterior sound fields, which is not possible in the case of a general signal representation in SH domain. Experimental results indicate that the noise attenuation performance of our proposed method exceeds that of existing solutions. The flexibility of the array structure is also increased, which leads to a more feasible practical system setup.

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Section: Preliminaries and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical-Harmonic-Domain Feedforward Active Noise Control Using Sparse Decomposition of Reference Signals from Distributed Sensor Arrays

Maeno

Mitsufuji

Samarasinghe

et al. 2020

IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.

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“…An alternate approach for achieving robust loudspeaker arrays was recently introduced in [34] for 2D soundfields, and in [35] for 3D soundfields where the conventional circular/spherical arrays of monopole loudspeakers were replaced by those of higher order loudspeakers. A 3D higher order loudspeaker of order D is capable of producing polar responses up to the D th order.…”

Section: A Synthesis Of a Unit Amplitude Outgoing Mode Originated Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the practical implementation of higher order loudspeakers are still in the design stage, the above approach is not used in this paper. However, the reader is encouraged to refer to [34], [35] for a detailed description of the array processing involved with sound rendering using higher order loudspeakers. 7 The 2−norm condition number of a matrix T is defined by κ 2 (T ) = T 2 · T † 2 and for a well conditioned matrix, it will be close to 1.…”

Section: A Synthesis Of a Unit Amplitude Outgoing Mode Originated Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Parameterization of the Room Transfer Function

Samarasinghe

Abhayapala

Poletti

et al. 2015

IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.

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Abstract-This paper proposes an efficient parameterization of the Room Transfer Function (RTF). Typically, the RTF rapidly varies with varying source and receiver positions, hence requires an impractical number of point to point measurements to characterize a given room. Therefore, we derive a novel RTF parameterization that is robust to both receiver and source variations with the following salient features: (i) The parameterization is given in terms of a modal expansion of 3D basis functions. (ii) The aforementioned modal expansion can be truncated at a finite number of modes given that the source and receiver locations are from two sizeable spatial regions, which are arbitrarily distributed. (iii) The parameter weights/coefficients are independent of the source/receiver positions. Therefore, a finite set of coefficients is shown to be capable of accurately calculating the RTF between any two arbitrary points from a predefined spatial region where the source(s) lie and a pre-defined spatial region where the receiver(s) lie. A practical method to measure the RTF coefficients is also provided, which only requires a single microphone unit and a single loudspeaker unit, given that the room characteristics remain stationary over time. The accuracy of the above parameterization is verified using appropriate simulation examples. I. INTRODUCTIONThe room transfer function (RTF), demonstrates the collective effect of multipath propagation of sound between a source and a receiver within a given room enclosure. Accurate modeling of the RTF is useful in soundfield simulators as well as many other applications such as sound reproduction, soundfield equalization, echo cancellation, and speech dereverberation. These applications use appropriate RTF deconvolution methods to cancel the effects of room reflections (reverberation), and therefore, are highly dependent on the accuracy of the RTF model.The theoretical solution to the RTF based on the Green's function [1] was derived assuming a strict rectangular room geometry. It can only be applied to highly idealised cases with reasonable effort. The rooms with which we are concerned in our daily life however are more or less irregular in shape and the formulation of irregular boundary conditions will require extensive numerical calculations. For this reason, the immediate application of the classical model to practical problems in room acoustics is limited.In practice, RTFs are usually estimated as FIR filters, or as parametric equations based on the geometrical properties of the room. In the FIR filter approach, the RTF is assumed to behave as a linear time-invariant system, and then modeled as either an all-zero, all-pole, pole-zero [2] or a common pole-zero [3] system. The coefficients of these models are estimated as variable parameters of the RTF, and since the

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“…Traditional Ambisonics approach, which is based on spherical harmonics function and limited to four channels, has been extended to higher orders enabling use of unlimited loudspeakers in an arbitrary placement providing high spatial resolution as well as increasing the size of sweep spot. There are different variants of the higher order Ambisonics (HOA) [27][28][29][30][31] exist in the literature. There also have been recent advancements in spherical harmonics based sound field for 2D and 3D…”

Section: Spatial Audio Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Binaural technology, which is also widely used for private listening over headphones, suffers from the problem of in-head localization and front-back confusions if non-individualized HRIRs and headphone equalization is used for the auralization. There are three main multichannel loudspeakers based sound field techniques, namely, vector base amplitude panning (VBAP)[15], higher order ambisonics (HOA)[27][28][29][30][31]106], and wave field synthesis (WFS)[88,97]. VBAP is a means for virtual source positioning in any direction using multiple loudspeakers in 3D plane.…”

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confidence: 99%

3D audio reproduction : natural augmented reality headset and next generation entertainment system using wave field synthesis

Ranjan¹

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3D soundfield reproduction using higher order loudspeakers

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Spherical-Harmonic-Domain Feedforward Active Noise Control Using Sparse Decomposition of Reference Signals from Distributed Sensor Arrays

Spherical-Harmonic-Domain Feedforward Active Noise Control Using Sparse Decomposition of Reference Signals from Distributed Sensor Arrays

An Efficient Parameterization of the Room Transfer Function

3D audio reproduction : natural augmented reality headset and next generation entertainment system using wave field synthesis

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