3D spongy-like Au film for highly stable solid contact potentiometric ion selective electrode: application to drug analysis

Abstract

Potentiometric ion selective electrodes with simple design and high potential stability are required for in-line process, clinical and quality control analysis. The objective of this work is to develop a high-surface-area Au nanostructure solidcontact (SC) platform for high stable ion selective electrode for drug analysis. Memantine, a pharmaceutical compound prescribed for Alzheimer's disease, with challenging measurable analytical characteristics, was selected as a model for this purpose. Internal solid-contact with a high surface area was prepared by direct electrochemical deposition of Aunanostructures onto a Pt electrode (500 µm diameter and 3 mm long). The proposed design combines the small size with the high surface area that is necessary for stable potential response. Cyclic voltammetry, impedance electrochemical spectroscopy and chronopotentiometry were used to evaluate electrochemical properties of the Au film. The Au-nanostructure SC electrode was coated with a membrane cocktail containing a lipophilic ion exchanger. The electrode exhibited a Nernstian response (58.5 ± 1 mV/decade) to memantine over a wide concentration range (1 × 10 −5-1 × 10 −2 M). The electrode showed high potential stability (0.03 µV/s), wide pH working range (3.0-8.0) and high selectivity to memantine log k pot i,j ≤ −2.38. The electrode was applied for direct determination of memantine in pharmaceutical dosage form, human urine and surface water with high accuracy (± 2%) and precision (RSD ≤ 1.5%).

A new strategy for the determination of the antidiabetics alogliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin using all-solid state potentiometric sensors

“…Pt solid contact electrdoe was prepared as described previously [ 55 ]. In brief, the electrode was cleaned using alumina paste of 15, 3 and 1 µm and then rinsed with deionized water.…”

“…This Nanomaterial provides high surface area, high conductivity as well as the ability to function as an ion-to-electron transducer when used as an electron conductors in SC-ISEs [ 54 ]. Solid contact potentiometric ISEs with metal nanoparticles have also been reported for determination of K + [ 45 ] and pharmaceutical compounds [ 55 , 56 ].…”

Recent advances in nanomaterial-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes

“…[134][135][136] Nanoporous metal materials have attracted considerable interest for the development of SC-ISEs due to their numerous interconnected nano-sized cavities that can provide a large area for ion interaction and adsorption. [137][138][139] For example, nanoporous gold film and platinum oxide were used widely as the solid contact in ISEs, which demonstrated high potential stability with a short response time. [140][141][142] The impact of different types of metal oxide nanoparticles as the solid contact, including zinc oxides, iron oxides, and copper oxides, on the sensing performance of ISEs for K + detection was studied by Wardak et al 120 It was found that the integration of metal oxide nanoparticles into the electrode enhanced its performance, particularly in terms of electrical parameters and potential stability; this could be attributed to excellent electrochemical activity and a high surface-to-volume ratio.…”

All-solid-state polymeric screen printed and carbon paste ion selective electrodes for determination of oxymetazoline in pharmaceutical dosage forms

“…The electrodes have the advantages of small size, easy construction and can be used in different space position with easy rotation and vibration. They have no inner filling solution where the ion selective membrane is in direct contact with the solid transducer surface [16,17]. Recently, mass production of inexpensive, portable and reliable all-solid-state electrodes for environmental and pharmaceutical analysis has attracted great attention [18].…”