3D stratigraphic mapping and reservoir architecture of the Balakhany Suite, Upper Productive Series, using UAV photogrammetry: Yasamal Valley, Azerbaijan

Shahtakhtinskiy, Aydin; Khan, Shuhab D.

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2022.105911

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Petrographic, mineralogical and chemical comparisons of all solid ejects from the mud volcanoes at Hamamdagh, Bendovan, Garasu, Khara-Zire and Sangi-Mughan with lithofacies description and the interpretation of several Productive Series outcrops from the South Caspian Basin by Hinds et al [25] suggests that the majority of the mud, mud/claystones and sandstones are sourced from Pleistocene-Pliocene-aged intervals located in ~1 to 4 km depth, corroborating the calculated fluid generation temperatures (~30 ± 10 °C) and depths (~1-4 km depth). Moreover, Upper Productive Series strata found in several outcrops across the Absheron Peninsula (Azerbaijan), such as sandstones and siltto mudstones, have mineralogical compositions that resemble those of the lithogenic fragments described in this study [55]. For example, the fined-grained Yasamal Valley sedimentary rocks mainly comprise quartz (15-40 wt.%), feldspar (10-20 wt.%), calcite (10-25 wt.%) and clay minerals (20-60 wt.%), which mineralogically overlap with the mud and mudstones ejected from the five new mud volcanoes (Table 3).…”

Section: Origin Of Solid Ejectsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…No evidence for sorting (i.e., shift towards the A pole) and K-metasomatism (i.e., shift towards the K pole) is seen. The CIA values are very high compared to basalt (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45), granite/granodiorite (45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55) and feldspar (50), respectively, i.e., they vary in a range from 66 to 74 for all sample types studied among the different localities (Figure 7). This feature suggests that the solid ejects experience post-depositional alterations due to fluid-rock-gas reactions and mud diagenesis.…”

Section: Geochemical Composition Of Solid Ejectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracing Water–Rock–Gas Reactions in Shallow Productive Mud Chambers of Active Mud Volcanoes in the Caspian Sea Region (Azerbaijan)

et al. 2023

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We present geochemical and mineralogical datasets for five new mud volcanoes in continental Azerbaijan (Hamamdagh and Bendovan) and the adjacent Caspian Sea (Khara-Zire, Garasu and Sangi-Mughan). The fluid ejects have a Na–Cl-type composition and are generated by the mixing of evaporated Caspian seawater and low- to high-salinity pore waters, as indicated by Br–B and Cl–B systematics and Na–K and SiO2 geo-thermometers. The fluids contain high concentrations of As, Ba, Cu, Si, Li, Sr and Zn (60 to 26,300 ppm), which are caused by surface evaporation, pyrite oxidation, ion exchange reactions and hydrocarbon maturation in Oligocene-Miocene ‘Maykop’ shales. The solid ejects comprise liquid, oily and brecciated mud, mud/claystones and sandstones. The mud heterogeneity of the volcanoes is related to the geological age and different sedimentological strata of the host rocks that the mud volcanoes pass through during their ascent. All ejects show evidence of chemical alterations via water–rock–gas reactions, such as feldspar weathering, smectite illitization and the precipitation of Fe-(hydr)oxides, calcite, calcian dolomite, kaolinite and smectite. The studied localities have petrographic similarities to northern extending mud volcano systems located on Bahar and Zenbil islands, which suggests that mud volcanoes in the Caspian Sea region are sourced from giant shallow mud chambers (~1–4 km depth) located in Productive Series strata. Our results document the complex architecture of the South Caspian Basin—the most prolific hydrocarbon region in the world.

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Section: Origin Of Solid Ejectsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Geochemical Composition Of Solid Ejectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing Water–Rock–Gas Reactions in Shallow Productive Mud Chambers of Active Mud Volcanoes in the Caspian Sea Region (Azerbaijan)

et al. 2023

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“…The fifth cluster, called 'environmental monitoring', uses UAVs to detect and quantify methane leaks, as in case studies in the US and Canada [35]. The light blue cluster named 'UAV' reflects its combined use with motion photogrammetry to create a DOM in the Apsheron-Azerbaijan Peninsula [36] and the application of RPAS in the visual inspection of pipelines. The orange cluster called 'drone' includes studies of a hybrid system of monitoring, detection and cleaning of spills, detecting the level of contamination in maritime regions [37].…”

Section: Study Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Research on the Use of Drones in Production and Transportation Engineering in the Hydrocarbons Industry: A Bibliometric Analysis

ROMÁN-PIEDRA,

SOLÓRZANO,

CARRIÓN-MERO

2023

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Unmanned aerial vehicles are considered a part of emerging technologies designed to facilitate, improve, and transform the operational efficiency of industries with significant capital and assets, such as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon projects require comprehensive management in the production and transportation processes, where the application of drones plays a fundamental role by minimizing the exposure of personnel in high-risk activities, improving the efficiency of operations and the integrity of assets, and significantly reducing costs and time in the field. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis and systematic review of the relationship between drones and the hydrocarbon industry, focusing on production and transportation processes through bibliometric techniques and evaluation of case studies for the analysis, classification, and description of key issues, methodologies, and trends worldwide. The research methodology consisted of three phases: (i) conceptualization of study variables and database combinations; (ii) bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and bibliometric software; and (iii) focalization on systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. Bibliometric analysis collected data from 1985 to 2023, with 143 scientific publications indexed in the Scopus and WoS databases. The results showed a growing trend in the annual publications of drones and their application in the hydrocarbon industry, focusing on safety issues, pipeline inspections and storage tanks, and environmental monitoring generated by methane emissions and oil spills. In the case study analysis, the use of drones with different sensors was demonstrated, among which, the thermal camera, gas detector, LiDAR, EMAT, RGB camera, SWIR, RTK, and methane sensors stood out.

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“…The Mid-Triassic Tredian Formation is well exposed in the western Salt Range and the Surghar Range. This gives scientists a unique chance to study the surface analog for predicting reservoir heterogeneity and facies variations [13,14]. Reservoir heterogeneity is caused by differences in depositional facies, diagenesis, and structural features (such as fractures or faults), and it happens on scales ranging from hundreds of meters to micrometers [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This gives scientists a unique chance to study the surface analog for predicting reservoir heterogeneity and facies variations [13,14]. Reservoir heterogeneity is caused by differences in depositional facies, diagenesis, and structural features (such as fractures or faults), and it happens on scales ranging from hundreds of meters to micrometers [14][15][16]. There are only a few studies conducted on the palynological and paleontological aspects of the Tredian Formation to determine its age and depositional environment [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentological Controls on the Reservoir Characteristics of the Mid-Triassic Tredian Formation in the Salt and Trans-Indus Surghar Ranges, Pakistan: Integration of Outcrop, Petrographic, and SEM Analyses

Qureshi

Arif

Basit³

et al. 2023

JMSE

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The current study uses an integrated lithofacies, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis to investigate the sedimentary processes, depositional architecture, and reservoir rock potential of the Tredian Formation’s (Mid-Triassic) mixed siliciclastic and carbonate succession in the Salt and Trans-Indus Ranges. The formation has been divided litho-stratigraphically into two components: the lower Landa Member, which consists of fine-grained sandstone and shale, and the upper Khatkiara Member, which consists of coarse-grained sandstone. Based on sedimentary structures and lithology, four distinct types of lithofacies are identified. Two lithofacies representing sandstones interbedded with shale (LF1) and thick-bedded sandstone (LF2) lithofacies suggestive of fluvio-deltaic settings are among them. Another two lithofacies of thin-bedded sandstone (LF3) and dolomite (LF4) suggest a tidal flat depositional environment, correspondingly. The petrographic examination of the Tredian sandstones indicates a lithology ranging from sub-feldspathic arenite to feldspathic arenite with moderate packing. The presence of primary calcite cement, silica cement, and iron oxide/hydroxide cements were shown by the diagenetic investigation, which was supported by SEM studies. In addition, secondary cements include ferroan-dolomite, chlorite, and illite, which is linked with chemical alteration of unstable grains. The paragenetic sequence depicts the diagenetic evolution of the Tredian sandstone from early to late diagenetic phases. The reservoir quality of the LF1 and LF4 lithofacies has been destroyed by early-stage calcite cementation, but the lithofacies LF2 and LF3 have a strong reservoir potential owing to the scarcity of calcite cement, dissolution of unstable feldspar grains, and grain fracture.

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3D stratigraphic mapping and reservoir architecture of the Balakhany Suite, Upper Productive Series, using UAV photogrammetry: Yasamal Valley, Azerbaijan

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Tracing Water–Rock–Gas Reactions in Shallow Productive Mud Chambers of Active Mud Volcanoes in the Caspian Sea Region (Azerbaijan)

Tracing Water–Rock–Gas Reactions in Shallow Productive Mud Chambers of Active Mud Volcanoes in the Caspian Sea Region (Azerbaijan)

Advances in Research on the Use of Drones in Production and Transportation Engineering in the Hydrocarbons Industry: A Bibliometric Analysis

Sedimentological Controls on the Reservoir Characteristics of the Mid-Triassic Tredian Formation in the Salt and Trans-Indus Surghar Ranges, Pakistan: Integration of Outcrop, Petrographic, and SEM Analyses

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