3D Thermal Simulation of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway in Autoclave Calorimetry: Development and Comparison of Modeling Approaches

Hoelle, Sebastian; Dengler, Franz; Zimmermann, Sascha; Hinrichsen, Olaf

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/acac06

Cited by 9 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For numerical modeling of the thermal runaway, some studies suggested considering the mass loss by adjusting the overall density of the complete jelly roll accordingly. 45 This is a questionable approach for a tabless cylindrical cell that behaves as shown in Fig. 5 as the mass is in no way distributed homogeneously but concentrated highly locally.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Experimental Thermal Runaway and Thermal Propagation Characterization of Large-Format Tabless Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells with Aluminum Housing and Laser Welded Endcaps

Pegel,

Schaeffler,

Jossen

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Large-format tabless cylindrical lithium-ion cells are expected to enhance performance and reduce cost of next generation vehicles. However, he influence of innovative new tab designs, increased dimensions, and new housing materials are still unexplored and must be revealed to unlock safe future battery systems. Here, the thermal runaway and thermal propagation characteristics of sophisticated state-of-the-art large-format tabless cylindrical cells with aluminum housing and laser welded endcaps are extensively characterized. Multiple abuse test setups on cell and battery level are custom designed close to the true boundary conditions in real world applications. Results show cells with aluminum housing require careful choice of trigger methods as the low melting point and lesser mechanical strength compared to conventional nickel-plated steel housings introduce additional challenges. The tabless design was found to act as a strong mechanical connection that prevents shifting of the electrode assembly. Instead, axial ruptures of the jellyroll may occur. The leftover high density material conglomeration that is in tight contact with the inner housing wall transfers heat into the surroundings and is critical for thermal propagation safety. Strong interstitial potting compound with low thermal conductivity successfully prevented any major convective heat transfer into the neighboring cells by venting

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Experimental Thermal Runaway and Thermal Propagation Characterization of Large-Format Tabless Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells with Aluminum Housing and Laser Welded Endcaps

Pegel,

Schaeffler,

Jossen

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…23 Investigated cells.-The battery cells investigated in this study are the same as described in Ref. 24 Autoclave calorimetry.-The results of two autoclave calorimetry tests from a previous publication are used in this study. 24 The released heat during TR (Q TR ) can be separated in a first part that remains in the cell (Q remains ) and a second part that is transported out of the cell by the vented gas and particles (Q venting ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Autoclave calorimetry.-The results of two autoclave calorimetry tests from a previous publication are used in this study. 24 The released heat during TR (Q TR ) can be separated in a first part that remains in the cell (Q remains ) and a second part that is transported out of the cell by the vented gas and particles (Q venting ). 25,26 In the autoclave calorimetry experiment (index: AC), the investigated cell showed a value of Q remains,AC = 729.3 kJ.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the battery cell stack experiment published in previous work is simulated within the 3D-CFD framework of Simcenter STAR-CCM+® and three modeling approaches investigated on single cell level in a previous study are implemented. 23,24 In addition, the influence of the modeling approach on computational time is evaluated. This allows to identify suitable approaches for TR propagation simulation on multiple cell level.…”

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confidence: 99%

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3D Thermal Simulation of Thermal Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Stack: Review and Comparison of Modeling Approaches

Hoelle¹,

Zimmermann²,

Hinrichsen³

2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Three empirical modeling approaches for the heat release during a lithium-ion battery cell thermal runaway (TR) are analyzed and compared with regard to their suitability for TR propagation simulation. Therefore, the experimental results of a battery cell stack experiment consisting of five prismatic lithium-ion batteries (>60 Ah) are compared to simulation results of a model that is built within the 3D-CFD framework of Simcenter Star-CCM+®. In contrast to previous studies, the proposed model takes into account detailed phenomena such as the formation of a gas layer between jelly roll and cell can due to electrolyte vaporization, which is crucial to reproduce experimental results. Only two of the three modeling approaches are suitable for TR propagation simulation of the cell stack experiment investigated in this study. These approaches either use time-dependent or spatially resolved temperature-dependent heat release rates. The proposed consideration of gas layer formation as well as the comparative analysis of the modeling approaches contribute to the improvement of TR propagation simulations and support engineers as well as researches to design a safer battery pack.

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“…[65] Since these side reactions are mostly exothermic, they would continuously aggravate electrolyte degradation. [66][67][68] Taking the most commonly used EC solvent for example, operando Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed that it was decomposed at the lithium surface at ≈70 °C, together with the generation of O 2 . [69] The generated O 2 reacted with EC, and further accelerated the electrolyte decomposition.…”

Section: Extremely High-temperature Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Advances in Rechargeable Batteries for Extreme‐Condition Applications

Wu,

Wang

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Rechargeable batteries are widely used as power sources for portable electronics, electric vehicles and smart grids. Their practical performances are, however, largely undermined under extreme conditions, such as in high‐altitude drones, ocean exploration and polar expedition. These extreme environmental conditions not only bring new challenges for batteries but also incur unique battery failure mechanisms. To fill in the gap, it is of great importance to understand the battery failure mechanisms under different extreme conditions and figure out the key parameters that limit battery performances. In this review, we start by investigating the key challenges from the viewpoints of ionic/charge transfer, material/interface evolution and electrolyte degradation under different extreme conditions. It is then followed by different engineering approaches through electrode materials design, electrolyte modification and battery component optimization to enhance practical battery performances. Finally, a short perspective is provided about the future development of rechargeable batteries under extreme conditions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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3D Thermal Simulation of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway in Autoclave Calorimetry: Development and Comparison of Modeling Approaches

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Extensive Experimental Thermal Runaway and Thermal Propagation Characterization of Large-Format Tabless Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells with Aluminum Housing and Laser Welded Endcaps

Extensive Experimental Thermal Runaway and Thermal Propagation Characterization of Large-Format Tabless Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells with Aluminum Housing and Laser Welded Endcaps

3D Thermal Simulation of Thermal Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Stack: Review and Comparison of Modeling Approaches

Challenges and Advances in Rechargeable Batteries for Extreme‐Condition Applications

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