3D tracking of foraging belugas from their clicks: Experiment from a coastal hydrophone array

Seasonal Trends in Acoustic Detection of Marine Mammals in Baffin Bay and Melville Bay, Northwest Greenland + Supplementary Appendix 1 (See Article Tools)

“…Beluga whales could be identified when bird-like whistles were paired with high-frequency clicks, peaking at up to 100 -120 kHz (Au et al, 1985). However, in many instances during the ice-covered winter months, recordings contained only clicks centered at 30 -60 kHz, a click type consistently observed in both narwhals and beluga whales (Au et al, 1985;Miller et al, 1995;Roy et al, 2010;Stafford et al, 2012a;Rasmussen et al, 2015).…”

Acoustic monitoring and prey association for beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas, and harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, off two river mouths in Yakutat Bay, Alaska

“…Previous studies have reported the occurrence of click trains during porpoise foraging behavior, with progressively decreasing ICI's ending in a high rate terminal "buzz", with ICI's close to or less than 2 ms during the fi nal prey capture (Verboom and Kastelein, 2003;DeRuiter et al, 2009;Miller, 2010;Wisniewska et al, 2012). This same echolocation behavior has been suggested for feeding belugas (Roy et al, 2010;Castellote et al, 2013).…”

“…Time intervals between clicks in echolocation click trains, termed interclick intervals (ICI), have been used as a behavioral indicator in several odontocetes, including harbor porpoise (DeRuiter et al, 2009;Verfuss et al, 2009) and beluga (Roy et al, 2010;Castellote et al, 2013). Previous studies have reported the occurrence of click trains during porpoise foraging behavior, with progressively decreasing ICI's ending in a high rate terminal "buzz", with ICI's close to or less than 2 ms during the fi nal prey capture (Verboom and Kastelein, 2003;DeRuiter et al, 2009;Miller, 2010;Wisniewska et al, 2012).…”

Whistle source levels of free-ranging beluga whales in Saguenay-St. Lawrence marine park

“…For the localization we proceeded as in Roy et al 3 The space around the array was discretized according to a 3D grid with a mesh size of 10 m horizontally and 5 m vertically. Then, we calculated the theoretical TDOAs by propagating sources at the nodes of the grid to the location of the hydrophones.…”

“…2 PAM has been extensively used to study free-ranging beluga whales at various locations. Especially, PAM has been successfully applied to study the properties of beluga echolocation clicks 3 and clicktrains, 4 to describe their call repertoire and characterize their properties (frequency content, inflexion points, duration). [5][6][7] It has also been used to determine their spacetime distribution [8][9][10] and to estimate the masking effects of their sounds by anthropogenic noises.…”