3D transthoracic echocardiography to assess pulmonary valve morphology and annulus size in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot

Abstract

3D TTE is accurate to assess PV morphology and PA size in patients with TOF. 2D TTE and CT underestimate PA diameter with reference to surgical diameter, however 3D mean and maximum diameters did not differ significantly.

Three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic identification of individual cusps of the pulmonary valve: Potential misidentification by the two‐dimensional technique

“…On the other hand, with the advent of 3DTTE, it has become possible to not only acquire the whole extent of the available PV ultrasound data but also the surrounding structures facilitating more comprehensive evaluation as the much larger 3D datasets can be cropped and viewed from any desired angulation. 1,14 In our study, 3DTTE proved useful in conferring additional benefit over 2DTTE in the assessment of the PV in all our patients. by us as only those in whom two leaflets could be detected were studied.…”

“…This is partly related to the thin slices of cardiac structures including the PV obtained by 2DTTE which precludes full examination. On the other hand, with the advent of 3DTTE, it has become possible to not only acquire the whole extent of the available PV ultrasound data but also the surrounding structures facilitating more comprehensive evaluation as the much larger 3D datasets can be cropped and viewed from any desired angulation …”

“…Elsayed, Hsiung and Nanda equally contributed to this study. 1 We demonstrate the incremental value of live/real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) over the two-dimensional modality in the identification of all three cusps of the pulmonary valve in patients in whom only two leaflets could be detected by the latter technique. This was because of the ability of 3DTTE to view the cusps enface permitting assessment of relationship to one another and the surrounding cardiac structures.…”

“…There are only a few studies assessing the PV by 3DTTE, but none of them have commented on individual cusp identification. [1][2][3] The aim of the present preliminary study was to assess the usefulness and incremental value of 3DTTE over 2DTTE in imaging and identifying individual cusps of the PV in patients who were 15 years or older and in whom only two cusps of the PV could be detected by 2DTTE.…”

Computational Modeling of Human Bicuspid Pulmonary Valve Dynamic Deformation in Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot

“…Rajiah et al [Rajiah, Nazarian, Vogelius et al (2014)] and Jonas et al [Jonas, Kligerman, Burke et al (2016)] reviewed the normal appearance of the PV as well as various anomalies and variants using a computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Hadeed, et al [Hadeed, Hascoë t, Amadieu, et al (2016)] described the PV morphology and annulus size using 3D transthoracic echocardiography in patients with TOF. All of those gave us basis and basic geometric and physiological data for our model construction and aims for investigations.…”