3DGIS-Based Multi-Agent Geosimulation and Visualization of Building Evacuation Using GAMA Platform

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Recent GIS applications have already extended analyses from the traditional 2-2.5D environment (x,y,attributes) to 3D space (x,y,z,attributes). Coupled with agent-based modeling (ABM), available 3DGIS data can be used to develop simulation models for improved analysis of spatial data and spatial processes. One such application is on building evacuation for which ABM is integrated with 3D indoor spatial data to model human behavior during evacuation events and simulate evacuation scenarios visualized in 3D. The research presented in this paper develops a multi-agent geosimulation model for building evacuation, integrating 3DGIS dataset of the case study building as input in ABM using the GAMA simulation platform. This model is intended to complement and improve traditional approaches in building evacuation planning and management such as earthquake and fire drills. The initial model developed includes PEOPLE agents to model the building occupants, and FLOORS, ROOMS, INDOOR_PATHS and EXIT_POINTS agents, which are modeled from the 3DGIS layers. The INDOOR_PATHS and EXIT_POINTS agents influence the movement of PEOPLE agents. Test simulations were performed involving PEOPLE agents placed in rooms of the building based on potential number of occupants computed based from the floor area of each room. The PEOPLE agents are programmed to find the shortest path along the INDOOR_PATHS towards the EXIT_POINTS instance designated for each room of the building. The simulation computes for the total time it takes for all PEOPLE agents to exit the building.

Escape: Evacuation Simulation Using Cognitive Agent-Based Modeling on Possible Earthquake in Gama Platform for the Case of Kalayaan Residence Hall

“…For the human behavior aspects, the study by Trivedi and Rao in 2018 was consulted, where the concept of using boids rules in describing human crowd behavior was adopted. Another one was from the study of Macatulad & Blanco in 2014, where panic stress effects were seen to multiply the speed of some evacuees by a factor of 1.5 than the average. This basis was complemented by the study of Pelechano et al in 2005, where panic stress tolerance was related to how much a person was trained for evacuation practices and protocols.…”

“…It was mentioned that the efficiency of an evacuation scheme is achieved by checking if it is within a prescribed RSET. In this study, the metric used was 150 seconds or 2.5 minutes from various references such as Cuesta et al (2016), and Macatulad and Blanco (2014).…”

A four‐dimensional agent‐based model: A case study of forest‐fire smoke propagation

“…Recently, a voxel automaton approach (Jjumba & Dragicevic, ) was developed to model phenomena such as pollution propagation in four dimensions. The use of 4D ABMs has been developed to a lesser extent and focused on systems such as building evacuations (Macatulad & Blanco, ) and urban earthquake evacuation (Torrens, ). Consequently, these models are not modeling natural complex systems from a 4D perspective, which demands an advancement of the development of 4D ABMs into natural systems that are not necessarily based on human decision‐making processes.…”

Holo3DGIS: Leveraging Microsoft HoloLens in 3D Geographic Information

“…Three-dimensional geographic information systems (3D GIS) attempt to understand and express the real world from the perspective of 3D space [1][2][3]. Currently, 3DGIS perspective carriers are mainly 2D (e.g., a computer screen) but not 3D (e.g., a head mounted display), which affects the expression of 3D information and further affects user cognition and understanding of 3D information.…”