3H-31, A Non-structural Protein of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h, Inhibits the Host Larval Cathepsin and Chitinase Activities

Yu, Huan; Ou-Yang, Yi-Yi; Yang, Chang‐Jin; Nakai, M.; Huang, Guo‐Hua

doi:10.1007/s12250-021-00374-y

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…To propagate the ascovirus in vivo , the ascovirus was first inoculated into the hemocoel of 3rd instar S. exigua larvae using a sterilized insect pin dipped into HvAV-3h-containing hemolymph (about 1.1 × 10 11 virion copies/mL). After 7 days, larvae with a distinct pale body color (one of the typical symptoms of ascovirus infection) were exsanguinated, and ascovirus-containing hemolymphs (approximately 1.1 × 10 11 virion copies/mL) were collected and stored at −20°C for subsequent use ( 65 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis or Antiapoptosis? Interrupted Regulated Cell Death of Host Cells by Ascovirus Infection In Vitro

Xiao

et al. 2023

mBio

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis or Antiapoptosis? Interrupted Regulated Cell Death of Host Cells by Ascovirus Infection In Vitro

Xiao

et al. 2023

mBio

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“…HvAV-3h was prepared as previously reported (Yu et al, 2021). Approximately 1 × 10 5 cells were seeded in a six-well plate.…”

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopy (Tem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h blocks the cell cycle of Spodoptera exigua fat body cells at G₂/M phase by downregulating cyclin B₁ and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1

Song

Yang

et al. 2021

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Ascoviruses are double‐stranded DNA viruses that are pathogenic to noctuid larvae. In vitro infection causes the cells to fail to replicate and proliferate normally. However, the molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the transmission electron microscopy data of infected‐Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) fat body cells (SeFB, IOZCAS‐SpexII‐A cells) showed that virions were internalized in phagocytic vesicles, but not in the nucleus. FACS of cell‐cycle progression was performed in SeFB cells infected with Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV‐3h). The cell cycle phase distributions of the SeFB cells were G1 = 29.52 ± 1.10%, S = 30.33 ± 1.19%, and G2/M = 40.06 ± 0.75%. The cell culture doubling time was approximately 24 h. The G1, S, and G2/M phases were each approximately 8 h. The unsynchronized or synchronized cells were arrested at G2/M phase after infection with HvAV‐3h. Our data also showed that cells with more than 4N DNA content appeared in the HvAV‐3h‐treated group. While the mRNA levels of cyclin B1, cyclin H, and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) were downregulated after HvAV‐3h infection, the mRNA expression levels of cyclin A, cyclin D, and cyclin B2 were not significantly changed. Western blotting results showed that the expression of cyclin B1 and CDK1 in infected SeFB cells within 24 h postinfection (hpi), and HvAV‐3h infection inhibited the expression of cyclin B1 and CDK1 at 12–24 hpi. Overall, these data implied that HvAV‐3h infection leads to an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phases by downregulating the expression of cyclin B1 and CDK1.

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“…Insects have long been recognized as vectors of many important viruses that affect humans, animals, and plants 25 . Ascoviruses, belonging to the family Ascoviridae, are cyclic double‐stranded DNA insect viruses with a genome size of 110–200 kb; they are a group of entomopathogenic microorganisms that are pathogenic to Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera 26,27 . Host larvae infected with these viruses have reduced feeding, slow development, difficulty in molting, slow movement, and progressive production of a white cloudy milky hemolymph 26,28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 Ascoviruses, belonging to the family Ascoviridae, are cyclic double-stranded DNA insect viruses with a genome size of 110-200 kb; they are a group of entomopathogenic microorganisms that are pathogenic to Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera. 26,27 Host larvae infected with these viruses have reduced feeding, slow development, difficulty in molting, slow movement, and progressive production of a white cloudy milky hemolymph. 26,28 There is a lack of research on whether insect viruses can affect plant VOCs, and the main pathogens that have been reported to affect the release of plant VOCs are soil microbes and plant viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spodoptera litura larvae are attracted by HvAV‐3h‐infected S. litura larvae‐damaged pepper leaves

Liu

Yuan

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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Background Herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are important self‐defense outputs of pepper plants to resist insect pests. Ascoviruses are pathogenic to the larvae of most lepidopteran vegetable pests. However, whether Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV‐3h)‐infected Spodoptera litura larvae can change pepper leaf HIPVs is not well understood. RESULTS Spodoptera litura larvae preferred S. litura‐infested leaves, and this preference was stronger with longer duration of S. litura infestation. In addition, S. litura larvae significantly chose pepper leaves damaged by HvAV‐3h‐infected S. litura over the healthy pepper leaves. Results also showed that S. litura larvae preferred leaves mechanically damaged and treated with oral secretions from HvAV‐3h infected‐S. litura larvae in a simulation test. We captured the volatiles emitted by leaves under six treatments. Results showed that the volatile profile changed with the different treatments. Testing of volatile blends, prepared to the proportion released showed that the blend from simulated HvAV‐3h‐infected S. litura larvae‐damaged plants was the most attractive to S. litura larvae. Further, we also found that some of the compounds significantly attracted S. litura larvae at specific concentrations. CONCLUSION HvAV‐3h‐infected S. litura can alter the release of HIPVs in pepper plants and thus become more attractive to S. litura larvae. We speculate that this may be due to alterations in the concentration of some compounds (such as geranylacetone and prohydrojasmon) affecting the behavior of S. litura larvae. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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3H-31, A Non-structural Protein of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h, Inhibits the Host Larval Cathepsin and Chitinase Activities

Cited by 7 publications

References 70 publications

Apoptosis or Antiapoptosis? Interrupted Regulated Cell Death of Host Cells by Ascovirus Infection In Vitro

Apoptosis or Antiapoptosis? Interrupted Regulated Cell Death of Host Cells by Ascovirus Infection In Vitro

Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h blocks the cell cycle of Spodoptera exigua fat body cells at G₂/M phase by downregulating cyclin B₁ and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1

Spodoptera litura larvae are attracted by HvAV‐3h‐infected S. litura larvae‐damaged pepper leaves

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3H-31, A Non-structural Protein of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h, Inhibits the Host Larval Cathepsin and Chitinase Activities

Cited by 7 publications

References 70 publications

Apoptosis or Antiapoptosis? Interrupted Regulated Cell Death of Host Cells by Ascovirus Infection In Vitro

Apoptosis or Antiapoptosis? Interrupted Regulated Cell Death of Host Cells by Ascovirus Infection In Vitro

Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h blocks the cell cycle of Spodoptera exigua fat body cells at G2/M phase by downregulating cyclin B1 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1

Spodoptera litura larvae are attracted by HvAV‐3h‐infected S. litura larvae‐damaged pepper leaves

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Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h blocks the cell cycle of Spodoptera exigua fat body cells at G₂/M phase by downregulating cyclin B₁ and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1