3M Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Short Stature

Essaddam, L.; Bêcher, S. Ben

doi:10.1007/s13312-019-1632-1

Cited by 3 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Strongly nucleophilic alkoxides, such as methoxide for methanolysis, have been found to be effective and enable methanolysis depolymerization at low temperatures. 93,107,108 Heterogeneous catalysts have been considered, but we expect them to be unfavorable in most cases. It is difficult for an ester site on a solid polymer to access catalytic sites on a solid catalyst.…”

Section: Summary Of Experimental Findings 311 Stoichiometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adsorption column is described having three steps for regeneration. 108 The first step uses methanol to remove impurities. The second step uses additional methanol to desorb alkoxide for recovery.…”

Section: Process Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is limited information on how the distillation section of the low-temperature methanolysis process by Loop Industries is operated. Loop Industries patents reference DMT evaporation using a falling-film-type vaporizer 107,148,149 operating between 150 and 180 °C and 260 and 7100 Pa. 149 If a thin-film evaporator is used by itself, it may be difficult to obtain a high-purity DMT product. Purification issues related to azeotrope formation reported for vapor methanolysis would be the same for a low-temperature methanolysis process.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Dmt Distillation Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Loop Industries patent describes that the alkoxide is removed from reaction solvent using hydrophilic functionalized alumina and silica gel mixture or zeolite, after separating solid reaction products. 108 Figure 20 in Section 4.1 gives a graphical representation of this adsorption process. 108 The Loop Industries methanolysis process is favorable compared to other PET depolymerization processes because of its low reaction temperatures and solvent rates; however, the described adsorption process clearly plays an important factor contributing to both catalyst recovery and process energy balance.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Dmt Distillation Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…108 The Loop Industries methanolysis process is favorable compared to other PET depolymerization processes because of its low reaction temperatures and solvent rates; however, the described adsorption process clearly plays an important factor contributing to both catalyst recovery and process energy balance. 108 The mass balances described in the patent examples are not consistent with the claimed catalyst recoveries, so it is difficult to draw conclusions on flow rates or recoveries, but the examples indicate a larger total rate of methanol is required to regenerate the column than is treated by the adsorption step. 108 Methanol used to regenerate the adsorbent must be vaporized to be separated from desorbed impurities or to concentrate recovered alkoxide catalyst.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Dmt Distillation Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Assessment of PET Depolymerization Processes for Circular Economy. 1. Thermodynamics, Chemistry, Purification, and Process Design

McNeeley,

Liu

2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most widely produced thermoplastic and is used in drink bottles, packaging, and textiles. Chemical depolymerization represents a way to recycle PET that is robust to the low purity and quality of some waste PET sources. This work investigates the three primary routes to depolymerize PET into feedstocks used to produce the PET polymer: methanolysis, glycolysis, and hydrolysis. This work is unique in providing a thorough review of the depolymerization thermodynamics, chemistry, purification strategies, and design of PET depolymerization processes from an industrial perspective. This work provides detailed descriptions of different variants of PET depolymerization processes. We summarize available data necessary to design a PET depolymerization process and indicate where gaps in data exist. We demonstrate the importance of separation and purification sections of the process, which are rarely addressed in academic literature. We also demonstrate different designs and strategies that industrial technologies employ to address challenges.

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Section: Summary Of Experimental Findings 311 Stoichiometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Dmt Distillation Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Dmt Distillation Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Dmt Distillation Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessment of PET Depolymerization Processes for Circular Economy. 1. Thermodynamics, Chemistry, Purification, and Process Design

McNeeley,

Liu

2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Industrial and Laboratory Technologies for the Chemical Recycling of Plastic Waste

Chin,

Diao

2024

ACS Catal.

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Synthetic polymers play an indispensable role in modern society, finding applications across various sectors ranging from packaging, textiles, and consumer products to construction, electronics, and industrial machinery. Commodity plastics are cheap to produce, widely available, and versatile to meet diverse application needs. As a result, millions of metric tons of plastics are manufactured annually. However, current approaches for the chemical recycling of postconsumer plastic waste, primarily based on pyrolysis, lag in efficiency compared to their production methods. In recent years, significant research has focused on developing milder, economically viable methods for the chemical recycling of commodity plastics, which involves converting plastic waste back into monomers or transforming it into other valuable chemicals. This Perspective examines both industrial and cutting-edge laboratory-scale methods contributing to recent advancements in the field of chemical recycling.

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Chinese patients with 3M syndrome: clinical manifestations and two novel pathogenic variants

Xu,

Liu,

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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Background: 3M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease, characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, large head circumference, and skeletal changes, has rarely been reported in the Chinese population.Methods: We describe the clinical manifestations and gene variants in four sporadic cases of 3M syndrome in Chinese individuals from different families.Results: All cases had significant growth retardation, relative macrocephaly, and typical facial features. Exome sequencing revealed that two patients with 3M syndrome had homozygous variants of the CUL7 gene: one novel pathogenic variant and one previously reported pathogenic variant; the other two patients were heterozygous for variants in OBSL1, one of which had not been reported previously. Clinical evaluation indicated that these Chinese patients with 3M syndrome shared similar recognizable features with those reported in patients of other ethnic backgrounds, but not all patients with 3M syndrome in this study had normal development milestones. Two patients underwent recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy and showed accelerated growth in the first 2 years; however, the growth rate slowed in the third year in one case. There were no obvious adverse reactions during rhGH treatment.Conclusion: We report one novel CUL7 and one novel OBSL1 mutation in patients with 3M syndrome. Children with short stature, specific facial features, and physical symptoms should be referred for genetic testing to obtain precise diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The effects of rhGH treatment on adult height requires long-term observation and study in a large sample.

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3M Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Short Stature

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of PET Depolymerization Processes for Circular Economy. 1. Thermodynamics, Chemistry, Purification, and Process Design

Assessment of PET Depolymerization Processes for Circular Economy. 1. Thermodynamics, Chemistry, Purification, and Process Design

Industrial and Laboratory Technologies for the Chemical Recycling of Plastic Waste

Chinese patients with 3M syndrome: clinical manifestations and two novel pathogenic variants

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