“…These two compounds showed a higher losses following incubation with gastrointestinal juices, which could have resulted to the release of the hydroxycinnamate moiety of diCQAs or the cleavage of the intramolecular ester bond of lactones. Previous research has reported positive health effect of lactones (de Paulis et al, 2002(de Paulis et al, , 2004, however these activities might be limited, due to the high losses during the gastrointestinal digestion. Furthermore, the release of CQAs from other structures, including melanoidins, into which they are incorporated during roasting (Bekedam et al, 2008;Perrone et al, 2012), could also be hypothesized.…”