4-Chloro-6-pyrimidinylferrocene modified silica gel: A novel multiple-function stationary phase for mixed-mode chromatography

Abstract

A novel multi-function and mixed-mode stationary phase based on 4-chloro-6-pyrimidinylferrocene modified silica (NFcS) was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Linear solvation energy relationship method was successfully employed to evaluate the new phase with a set of 27 solutes including aromatic and aliphatic compounds. Multiple mechanisms including hydrophobic, π-π, hydrogen-bonding, charge-transfer, acid-base equilibrium and anion-exchange interactions are involved. Based on these interactions, successful separation could be achieved among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mono-substituted benzenes, aromatic amines, phenols, quinolines, pyridines and nucleosides in reversed-phase (RP) or normal-phase (NP) chromatography. Inorganic anions were also shown to be individually separated in anion-exchange chromatography by using the same column. Moreover, the results here also demonstrated that NFcS based stationary phase could effectively reduce the adverse effect of residual silanol in the separation process. Such stationary phase with characteristics of multi-interaction mechanism and mixed-mode separation is potential for the analysis of complex samples. The NFcS column was successfully employed for the analysis of plant growth regulators in Fruit.

Host–Guest Interaction Induced Rapid Self-Assembled Fe3O4@Au Nanoparticles with High Catalytic Activity

“…This phenomenon could be explained by the structure of electron-rich organometallic ferrocene with high stability and aromatic properties. Ferrocene has a high affinity with electron-deficient nitrophenol due to it being rich in π-electrons from the cyclopentadienyl ring. , With the addition of Fe 3 O 4 @Au nanoparticles, the reduction reaction proceeded successfully and the peak intensity at 400 nm corresponding to 4-NP disappeared. Therefore, without the AuNPs, the reduction reaction cannot be catalyzed by Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 3 O 4 @Fc nanoparticles.…”

Determination of trace sulfonamides in foodstuffs by HPLC using a novel mixed-mode functionalized ferrocene sorbent for solid-phase extraction cleanup

“…Thus, it would allow us to explore the practical applications of the new ferrocene functionalized silica gel (NFcS). Our following work 34 indicated that the NFcS stationary phase exhibited high selectivity toward various compounds under different conditions with different mechanisms including hydrophobic, p-p, hydrogen-bonding, charge-transfer, acid-base equilibrium and anion-exchange interactions. A number of compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mono-substituted benzenes, aromatic amines, phenols, quinoline compounds, plant growth regulators, nucleoside and inorganic anions, have been well separated on the NFcS stationary phase.…”

“…2, the NFcSi sorbent was prepared by a twostep modication process as previously described. 34 First, aminopropyltriethoxyl-bonded silica gel (ABS) was obtained. In the second step, ABS was reacted with an excess of 4-chloro-6-pyrimidinylferrocene in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 60 C under a nitrogen atmosphere.…”

Recent advances in mixed‐mode chromatographic stationary phases

“…A 4‐chloro‐6‐pyrimidinylferrocene modified silica has been developed recently. Generally, ferrocene bonded phases provide a variety of separation mechanisms, including hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, π‐π, dipole‐dipole, and charge‐transfer interactions.…”