2005
DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(05)80007-8
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4 Generation of pH gradients

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Cited by 5 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…While DC electrolysis will, by definition, generate large pH changes between the cathode and anode, proposed DC implantable technologies mitigate this by reversing electrolytic reactions via charge balancing the metal electrodes (Fridman and Della Santina, 2013a) or by chemically and physically buffering the electrode/tissue interface (Ackermann et al, 2011). Ionic DC delivery could still influence pH at the microfluidic/tissue interface as sustained ionic current acts as an ion pump that over time might change the H + /OH − concentrations at the tissue/device interface, and a locally sustained electric field can create a pH gradient even in the absence of electrolysis (Macounová et al, 2000; Berkelman, 2005). Given that these effects have historically been masked by pH changes from DC electrolysis there has not yet been an exploration of their significance in-vivo .…”
Section: Non-metal-electrode Based DC Safety Considerationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While DC electrolysis will, by definition, generate large pH changes between the cathode and anode, proposed DC implantable technologies mitigate this by reversing electrolytic reactions via charge balancing the metal electrodes (Fridman and Della Santina, 2013a) or by chemically and physically buffering the electrode/tissue interface (Ackermann et al, 2011). Ionic DC delivery could still influence pH at the microfluidic/tissue interface as sustained ionic current acts as an ion pump that over time might change the H + /OH − concentrations at the tissue/device interface, and a locally sustained electric field can create a pH gradient even in the absence of electrolysis (Macounová et al, 2000; Berkelman, 2005). Given that these effects have historically been masked by pH changes from DC electrolysis there has not yet been an exploration of their significance in-vivo .…”
Section: Non-metal-electrode Based DC Safety Considerationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The reader is referred to excellent reviews for further details. 71 74 Our approach of using only cellulose hydrogels along with buffers is presented in the next section.…”
Section: Recent Advances In Generating Immobilized Ph Gradients Using Polyacrylamide Hydrogelsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Generation of pH gradients inside the proposed hydrogel-based bioreactor is essential for simulating the human gut environment and multi-strain probiotic production. Immobilized pH gradients generated using immobilines covalently grafted onto polyacrylamide gels with their use in isoelectric focusing for protein separation is a well-established technology, which is reviewed in detail by many authors. The details of the immobiline structure along with some examples of acidic and basic acrylamido buffers and their use to generate immobilized pH gradients for isoelectric focusing of proteins are shown in detail in Figure . The reader is referred to excellent reviews for further details. Our approach of using only cellulose hydrogels along with buffers is presented in the next section.…”
Section: Recent Advances In Generating Immobilized Ph Gradients Using...mentioning
confidence: 99%
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