4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(2-thiazole)-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide (EX15) and its Cu(II) Complex as New Oxicam Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors

Sherif, Yousery El-Sayed; El‐Asmy, Ahmed A.; Lotfy, Mahmoud

doi:10.5562/cca1802

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A single compound was synthesized by a one-pot procedure, starting from the readily available saccharine. Compound 79, which belonged to the oxicam group and possessed high specificity for COX-2 inhibition, might possibly be due to the presence of the methyl thiazole substitute [118]. A team of researchers developed a new category of pyridinecontaining thiazole moieties and studied their anti-inflammatory capabilities.…”

Section: Thiazoles As Anti-inflammatory Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiazole: A Versatile Standalone Moiety Contributing to the Development of Various Drugs and Biologically Active Agents

Arshad¹,

Alam

Alshammari

et al. 2022

Molecules

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For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry. The thiazole ring consists of sulfur and nitrogen in such a fashion that the pi (π) electrons are free to move from one bond to other bonds rendering aromatic ring properties. On account of its aromaticity, the ring has many reactive positions where donor–acceptor, nucleophilic, oxidation reactions, etc., may take place. Molecules containing a thiazole ring, when entering physiological systems, behave unpredictably and reset the system differently. These molecules may activate/stop the biochemical pathways and enzymes or stimulate/block the receptors in the biological systems. Therefore, medicinal chemists have been focusing their efforts on thiazole-bearing compounds in order to develop novel therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions. This review attempts to inform the readers on three major classes of thiazole-bearing molecules: Thiazoles as treatment drugs, thiazoles in clinical trials, and thiazoles in preclinical and developmental stages. A compilation of preclinical and developmental thiazole-bearing molecules is presented, focusing on their brief synthetic description and preclinical studies relating to structure-based activity analysis. The authors expect that the current review may succeed in drawing the attention of medicinal chemists to finding new leads, which may later be translated into new drugs.

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Section: Thiazoles As Anti-inflammatory Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiazole: A Versatile Standalone Moiety Contributing to the Development of Various Drugs and Biologically Active Agents

Arshad¹,

Alam

Alshammari

et al. 2022

Molecules

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“…Cu(II) 2 (3,5-diisopropylsalicylate) 4 has been described to exert antioxidant activity and to act as radioprotector [ 99 , 100 ]. 4-Hydroxy-2-methyl- N -(2-thiazole)-2 H -1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide (EX15) and its Cu(II) complex ( G ) were synthesized by Sherif et al and evaluated in an adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis model in rats [ 175 ]. The complex itself was not tested regarding its COX inhibition profile.…”

Section: Antioxidant Cox-2 Inhibitors As An Extensive Library For mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, both revealed antioxidant, analgesic and anti-rheumatoid effects. The ability of copper(II) ions to scavenge O 2 •− was discussed by the authors as the most likely reason for the anti-inflammatory action of the complex [ 175 ].…”

Section: Antioxidant Cox-2 Inhibitors As An Extensive Library For mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Antioxidant COX-2 Inhibitors as Radioprotective Agents for Radiation Therapy—A Hypothesis-Driven Review

2016

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Radiation therapy (RT) evolved to be a primary treatment modality for cancer patients. Unfortunately, the cure or relief of symptoms is still accompanied by radiation-induced side effects with severe acute and late pathophysiological consequences. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are potentially useful in this regard because radioprotection of normal tissue and/or radiosensitizing effects on tumor tissue have been described for several compounds of this structurally diverse class. This review aims to substantiate the hypothesis that antioxidant COX-2 inhibitors are promising radioprotectants because of intercepting radiation-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in normal tissue, especially the vascular system. For this, literature reporting on COX inhibitors exerting radioprotective and/or radiosensitizing action as well as on antioxidant COX inhibitors will be reviewed comprehensively with the aim to find cross-points of both and, by that, stimulate further research in the field of radioprotective agents.

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Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in Metal Complexes and Their Effect at the Cellular Level

2016

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The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) make up a great group of drugs that provide benefits in the prevention of cancers. Coordinated metal ions with NSAIDs provide advantages over the drugs themselves. The metal complexes of NSAIDs display a range of biological activities quite often inaccessible to the original NSAID ligands. NSAIDs-metal complexes have molecular properties different from those of the parent drugs. Thus, if a given NSAIDs-metal complex remains intact in the biological medium its biological target is [a] She is now a Postdoctoral Fellow of the National Scholarships Foundation of Greece-Siemens program with a fellowship of excellence. Her research interests are mainly focused on bioinorganic chemistry and particularly on the evaluation of the anticancer properties of metal complexes by studying their interaction with intracellular molecules. Sotiris K. Hadjikakou was born in Famagusta, Cyprus. He graduated from the Chemistry 3049 dentate, bidentate, or bridge ligands in polynuclear complexes.Compounds of NSAIDs with biometals exhibit better pharmacological activity than free NSAIDs. [11] The structural characteristics, medicinal/veterinary properties, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity [SOD is an enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide (O 2 -) radical into both ordinary molecular oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), thus being involved in the inflammation mechanism], anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenic effects of Cu-NSAIDs have also been reviewed. [5] The review concluded that the mode of action of the Cu-NSAIDs is similar to that of the traditional NSAIDs and the complexes reduced gastrointestinal toxicity. Moreover, the stabilities of Cu-NSAIDs complexes are a critical determinant of their activity and toxicity. [5] This review summarizes the complexes of NSAIDs: (i) acetylsalicylic acid, diflunisal, salicylic acid (salicylic acid derivatives, Scheme 1), (ii) diclofenac, indometacin, sulindac, tolmetin (arylalkanoic acid derivatives, Scheme 2), (iii) ibuprofen, ketoprofen, Scheme 1. Salicylic acid derivatives.Scheme 2. Arylalkanoic acid derivatives. MicroreviewScheme 3. Arylpropionic acid derivatives (profens).Scheme 4. N-Arylanthranilic acid (fenamic acids). 3050Scheme 5. Other acid derivatives.Scheme 6. Oxicams. MicroreviewScheme 7. Aniline and p-aminophenol derivatives.Scheme 8. Sulfonamides. Discussion Metal Complexes of NSAIDs Exhibiting Anti-Inflammatory or Analgesic ActivityMn II -, Fe II -, Co II -, Ni II -, and Zn II -Schiff base complexes that contain anthranilic acid and aldoses in the Schiff base component are four-coordinate in the anhydrous state with the general formula ML 2 [M = Mn II (1), Fe II (2), Co II (3), Ni II (4), and Zn II (5), Scheme 9]. They were tested for their in vivo biological activities. The stability of the complexes in DMSO solution was confirmed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The relative toxicities of the metal complexes were determined with albino Wistar male rats; the LD 50 values followed the trend Ni < Mn < Co < Fe < Zn, w...

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4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(2-thiazole)-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide (EX15) and its Cu(II) Complex as New Oxicam Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Thiazole: A Versatile Standalone Moiety Contributing to the Development of Various Drugs and Biologically Active Agents

Thiazole: A Versatile Standalone Moiety Contributing to the Development of Various Drugs and Biologically Active Agents

Development of Antioxidant COX-2 Inhibitors as Radioprotective Agents for Radiation Therapy—A Hypothesis-Driven Review

Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in Metal Complexes and Their Effect at the Cellular Level

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