4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid derivatives of inositol from dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) root characterised using LC–SPE–NMR and LC–MS techniques

New oleanane saponins from the roots of Dendrobangia boliviana identified by LC‐SPE‐NMR

“…A second methoxy group was observed (δ H 3.74, δ C 53.4) having a ROESY correlation with H‐1 of the glucuronic acid, which indicated that the acid function of this sugar was esterified. Analysis of ROESY correlations allowed us to completely assign the spin systems of β‐D‐glucopyranose, α‐L‐rhamnopyranose, and β‐D‐glucuronopyranose units as in zebirioside K (Figure S17) and compound 2 . In addition, the ROE correlations between H‐3/H‐1′(GlcA), H‐1″(Rha)‐H‐3′ allowed us to determine the structure of this molecule as being 3‐ O ‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 3)‐β‐D‐glucuronopyranosyl‐methyl ester‐dendrobangionic acid‐28‐ O ‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester, named zebirioside Q ( 5 ).…”

“…In order to push our investigation further, the saponin‐enriched fractions were analyzed using a hyphenated LC‐SPE‐NMR system in order to identify as many compounds as possible. This methodology has been widely used for the structure elucidation of natural products from complex mixtures . The joint use of LC and solid‐phase extraction (SPE) results in more concentrated samples and therefore improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio of NMR spectra achievable within a given period of time.…”

Identification, quantification, spatiotemporal distribution and genetic variation of major latex secondary metabolites in the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.)

“…S2, Tables S1 and S3), a compound previously identified from common dandelion root extracts (Hänsel et al, 1980). While sesquiterpene lactones are frequent across the Asteraceae (Huo et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2002Wu et al, , 2011, PIEs have been exclusively reported from Taraxacum and species of the closely related genus Lactuca (Kenny et al, 2014;Michalska et al, 2010;Zidorn et al, 1999).…”

“…Prominent constituents in roots include sesquiterpene lactones such as taraxinic acid b-D-glucopyranosyl ester (Hänsel et al, 1980;Kisiel and Barszcz, 2000), triterpenes and their acetate derivatives such as a-and b-amyrin (Akashi et al, 1994;Burrows and Simpson, 1938), several phenolic acids, including chicoric acid and flavonoids (Clifford et al, 1987;Schütz et al, 2005), as well as the recently characterized 4-hydroxyphenylacetate inositol esters (Kenny et al, 2014). However, detailed information about the composition and abundance of secondary metabolites in the latex is lacking.…”

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Combined with Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Comparative Analysis of Raw and Processed Gentiana rigescens

“…Numerous analytical methods for quality assessment of herbal medicines have been published including FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (LC-PDA), mass spectrometry detector (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (LC-NMR) etc. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Currently, chemical fingerprints developed by different technology are focused on integrating complex chemical characterization of biological samples, which have been adopted as an effective strategy for quality assessment of Traditional Chinese medicine by WHO and SFDA. [19,20] A wealth of complex chemical information on bio-samples obtained by these well-established analytical methods exhibited significant advantage for quality assessment of herbal medicines when combined with chemometrics, especially for identification of different species or in the same species from geographical region.…”