4 Hz Magnetic Field Decreases Oxidative Stress in Mouse Brain: A Chemiluminescence Study

Park, Won-Hee; Soh, Kwang–Sup; Lee, Byung-Cheon; Pyo, Myoung-Yun

doi:10.1080/15368370802118662

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…According to Liboff and Zhadin, the proposed explanation of the biological mechanism of ELF-EMF is that coupling of a variable EMF (in the range applied in this study) with a geomagnetic field (GMF) creates the conditions for an ion cyclotron resonancelike (ICR-like) effect [18,38]. Indeed, according to in vivo and in vitro studies, ELF-EMF frequencies have been demonstrated to induce various biochemical and physiological responses [10,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] ELF-EMF frequencies were chosen for the study by considering the above findings from previous studies, and accordingly the hypotheses for SPRI and SPR2 were: SPR1:…”

Section: Study Rationale and Operating Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The acute-phase response and cytokine release during this recovery phase are normal and beneficial for the body's adaptation to exercise. However, when inflammation becomes higher or persistent as a result of continuous physical-exercise effort, it can affect an athlete's performancerelated indices [19]. The rate of recovery is influenced by the immune system (e.g., IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α) and biochemical responses (e.g., CK), as they promote the recruitment and activation of immune cells to repair damaged tissues [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Inflammation and Performance-Related Indices in Trained Athletes: A Double-Blinded Crossover Study

Markus,

Ohayon,

Constantini

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Previous investigations have demonstrated the therapeutic advantages of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) in mitigating inflammation and influencing biological processes. We aimed to shed light on the effects of ELF-EMF on recovery rate following high-intensity exercise. Nine male athletes (26.7 ± 6.0 years; 69.6 ± 7.7 kg, VO2peak 57.3 ± 6.8 mL/kg/min) completed five visits in a double-blinded crossover design, performing two consecutive testing days, following a ventilatory thresholds assessment. Following 62 min of high-intensity cycling, participants lay on an ELF-EMF mattress under active (A) and non-active (NA) conditions, immediately post protocol and during the night. Physical performance and blood markers were assessed at baseline and at 60 min (60 P) and 24 h (24 H) post-protocol. The A-condition demonstrated a notable reduction in interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations (mean difference = −88%, p = 0.032) and maximal isometric strength of the quadriceps muscles (mean difference = ~8%, p = 0.045) compared to the NA-condition between 60 P and 24 H. In a sensitivity analysis, the A-condition revealed that younger athletes who possessed lower fat mass experienced attenuated inflammation and biochemical responses and improved physical performance. In conclusion, ELF-EMF showed no significant overall effects on performance and inflammation after intense cycling among athletes. Post-hoc analysis revealed modest benefits of ELF-MLF, suggesting a context-dependent impact. Further research with a larger sample size and multiple sessions is needed to confirm the recovery potential of ELF-EMF.

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Section: Study Rationale and Operating Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Inflammation and Performance-Related Indices in Trained Athletes: A Double-Blinded Crossover Study

Markus,

Ohayon,

Constantini

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Regarding the initial interaction step, there are two plausible transduction mechanisms: electric currents inducing minor changes in the conductive tissues (unlikely for intensities < 1 G such as used in this study), and possible direct action of the MF on endogenous magnetoreception ( 63 ). As for the cascade of biological events that follow, it has been shown that ELF-EMF effects are likely to involve a number of cellular targets such as changes in intracellular Ca 2+ signaling ( 64 – 69 ), elements of the oxidative stress cascade ( 70 , 71 ), nitric oxide ( 72 , 73 ), G-protein receptor coupling ( 74 , 75 ), and the inflammatory response ( 76 , 77 ), to name a few. Some of these cellular targets have been identified and described in the studies conducted previously by members of this group, as well as by others in the field, revealing a candidate for the cascade of events that may ultimately give rise to the observed effects on the cellular, network and behavioral levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-tuned electromagnetic field therapy improves post-stroke motor function: A pilot randomized controlled trial

et al. 2022

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Background and purposeImpaired upper extremity (UE) motor function is a common disability after ischemic stroke. Exposure to extremely low frequency and low intensity electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) in a frequency-specific manner (Electromagnetic Network Targeting Field therapy; ENTF therapy) is a non-invasive method available to a wide range of patients that may enhance neuroplasticity, potentially facilitating motor recovery. This study seeks to quantify the benefit of the ENTF therapy on UE motor function in a subacute ischemic stroke population.MethodsIn a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial, ischemic stroke patients in the subacute phase with moderately to severely impaired UE function were randomly allocated to active or sham treatment with a novel, non-invasive, brain computer interface-based, extremely low frequency and low intensity ENTF therapy (1–100 Hz, < 1 G). Participants received 40 min of active ENTF or sham treatment 5 days/week for 8 weeks; ~three out of the five treatments were accompanied by 10 min of concurrent physical/occupational therapy. Primary efficacy outcome was improvement on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment – Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) from baseline to end of treatment (8 weeks).ResultsIn the per protocol set (13 ENTF and 8 sham participants), mean age was 54.7 years (±15.0), 19% were female, baseline FMA-UE score was 23.7 (±11.0), and median time from stroke onset to first stimulation was 11 days (interquartile range (IQR) 8–15). Greater improvement on the FMA-UE from baseline to week 4 was seen with ENTF compared to sham stimulation, 23.2 ± 14.1 vs. 9.6 ± 9.0, p = 0.007; baseline to week 8 improvement was 31.5 ± 10.7 vs. 23.1 ± 14.1. Similar favorable effects at week 8 were observed for other UE and global disability assessments, including the Action Research Arm Test (Pinch, 13.4 ± 5.6 vs. 5.3 ± 6.5, p = 0.008), Box and Blocks Test (affected hand, 22.5 ± 12.4 vs. 8.5 ± 8.6, p < 0.0001), and modified Rankin Scale (−2.5 ± 0.7 vs. −1.3 ± 0.7, p = 0.0005). No treatment-related adverse events were reported.ConclusionsENTF stimulation in subacute ischemic stroke patients was associated with improved UE motor function and reduced overall disability, and results support its safe use in the indicated population. These results should be confirmed in larger multicenter studies.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04039178, identifier: NCT04039178.

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“…Among the diverse range of NIBS techniques, extremely low-frequency, low-intensity electromagnetic elds (ELF-EMFs) have emerged as relatively safe therapeutic options. Although ELF-EMFs do not directly induce action potentials, a growing body of evidence indicates their ability to modulate various biological events, including in ammation [12,13], oxidative stress response [14][15][16], apoptosis [17], neurogenesis [18][19][20], axon outgrowth and synaptogenesis [21], and neuron-astrocyte synchronization [22] by targeting diverse signaling pathways such as calcium signaling [17,20,[22][23][24][25], nitric oxide signaling [10,[26][27][28],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theta Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation Enhances Functional Recovery after Stroke

Okabe,

Hovanesyan,

Azarapetian

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Extremely low-frequency, low-intensity electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) therapy is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that can modulate neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. ELF-EMF was recently shown to enhance recovery in human stroke in a small pilot clinical trial (NCT04039178). ELF-EMFs encompass a wide range of frequencies, typically ranging from 1 to 100 Hz, and their effects can vary depending on the specific frequency employed. However, whether and to what extent the effectiveness of ELF-EMFs depends on the frequency remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of different frequency-intensity protocols of ELF-EMF in promoting functional recovery in a mouse cortical stroke model with treatment initiated four days after the stroke, employing a series of motor behavior tests. Our findings demonstrate that a theta-frequency ELF-EMF (5 Hz) effectively enhances functional recovery in a reach-to-grasp task, whereas neither gamma-frequency (40 Hz) nor combination frequency (5-16-40 Hz) ELF-EMFs induce a significant effect. Importantly, our histological analysis reveals that none of the ELF-EMF protocols employed in our study affect infarct volume, inflammatory or glial activation, suggesting that the observed beneficial effects may be mediated through non-neuroprotective mechanisms. Our data indicate that ELF-EMFs have an influence on functional recovery after stroke, and this effect is contingent upon the specific frequency used. These findings underscore the critical importance of optimizing the protocol parameters to maximize the beneficial effects of ELF-EMF. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and refine the protocol parameters for optimal therapeutic outcomes in stroke rehabilitation.

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4 Hz Magnetic Field Decreases Oxidative Stress in Mouse Brain: A Chemiluminescence Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Inflammation and Performance-Related Indices in Trained Athletes: A Double-Blinded Crossover Study

The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Inflammation and Performance-Related Indices in Trained Athletes: A Double-Blinded Crossover Study

Frequency-tuned electromagnetic field therapy improves post-stroke motor function: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Theta Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation Enhances Functional Recovery after Stroke

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