40 years of China’s reform and development: How reform captured China’s demographic dividend

Cai, Fang; Garnaut, Ross; Song, Ligang

doi:10.22459/cyrd.07.2018.01

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…China's consistent, rapid economic growth over four decades was made possible by a good combination of economic reform and opening (Lin 2013a) and its demographic structure (Cai et al 2018). The strong incentive effects of reform and opening matched so well with China's abundant supply of labour (initially low skilled, then shifting towards highly skilled at later stages of development) during the high-growth period in explaining the fundamental pattern of China's economic development (Li et al 2012).…”

Section: Dynamic Changes In Moving Up the Ladder Of Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Challenges and roadmaps for moving towards a high‑income economy

Song¹,

Zhou²

2021

China’s Challenges in Moving Towards a High-Income Economy

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Section: Dynamic Changes In Moving Up the Ladder Of Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Challenges and roadmaps for moving towards a high‑income economy

Song¹,

Zhou²

2021

China’s Challenges in Moving Towards a High-Income Economy

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“…On the other hand, the agricultural sector made enormous and steady contributions towards labour transfer from agricultural to non-agricultural sectors. These contributions measured in terms of labour, capital and total factor productivity has been reported (Fang, Garnaut, & Song, 1999) to constitute the majority of TFP growth and 21 per cent of per capita GDP growth in the period 1978-90 ( Figure 6). Unfortunately, the increase in the growth of industries led to growth reduction in the agricultural sector (Figure 7).…”

Section: Achievements Of Policy Support In the Agricultural Developmementioning

confidence: 97%

Policy Support and Agricultural Development Within China’s First 10 Years of Reform: Strategies and Achievements

Ewulonu¹,

Wang²

2019

PPAR

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The authors are grateful to the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) for supporting this work through the Chinese University Programme (CUP) PhD Scholarship (2017GXZ024554). AbstractThe utilization of agricultural resources to satisfy the basic needs of man is a great remedy to the worlds challenging problems of food insufficiency, poverty, unemployment and overall economic development among developed countries of the world today. It has been established that agriculture contributes up to 60 % to the world's economy making it the foundation of the world's economy. In China, agricultural policies have played very significant roles in the overall development of their economy. This study aimed at understanding and examining the role policy change in agriculture played over the years in shaping the Chinese agricultural sector. The study revealed how policy change in the Chinese rural agricultural production system occurred, the implementation strategies that were adopted that led to tremendous growth in the Chinese economy and finally revealed lessons learnt within the first 10 years of reform which can serve as a lesson to developing countries.

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“…Poverty reduction in the past four decades was driven by fast growth. Per capita household incomes increased on average 8 percent per year between 1978 and2018 (Figure ). 6 At the beginning of the reforms, the economy grew fast -at more than 10 percent per year-with rural households' income rising faster than in urban areas, as agricultural productivity rose fast following land reform, liberalization of output markets and prices, and massive investments, among others.…”

Section: The Growth Poverty and Inequality Triangle For Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Poverty Reduction and Economic Transformation in China: A Decomposition Approach

Lugo¹,

Niu²,

Yemtsov³

2021

Preprint

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Rural poverty in China fell from 96 percent in 1980 to less than 1 percent of the population in 2019. Using PovcalNet data for China and a set of comparable countries, this paper estimates growth-poverty elasticities. It finds that China stands out for its record of sustained, fast growth, rather than because of an unusually high growth-poverty elasticity. In addition, changes in mean consumption, rather than changes in the distribution, drive poverty reduction. Furthermore, until 2010, changes in inequality attenuated the impact of growth on poverty. The paper also studies which channels mattered the most for rural poverty reduction by applying a decomposition framework to multiple rounds of Chinese Household Income Project surveys conducted in 1988, 1995, 2002, 2007, 2013, and 2018. The findings show that broad-based, labor-intensive growth in agriculture was initially the main driving force for rural poverty reduction, followed by the expansion of non-agriculture sectors. As the country’s poverty rate approached 10 percent by 2007, transfers from migrant workers and, later, public transfers became the major drivers of further rural poverty reduction. Throughout the period, the fall in the demographic dependency rate also played a significant role. As China’s living standards continue to rise, the official definition of poverty will have to adjust to the higher minimum. Continued structural transformation and the inclusive growth agenda retain crucial importance for sustained poverty reduction. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)

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40 years of China’s reform and development: How reform captured China’s demographic dividend

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Challenges and roadmaps for moving towards a high‑income economy

Challenges and roadmaps for moving towards a high‑income economy

Policy Support and Agricultural Development Within China’s First 10 Years of Reform: Strategies and Achievements

Rural Poverty Reduction and Economic Transformation in China: A Decomposition Approach

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