Untitled

Abstract

We determined variation in both the concentration and composition of terpenoids in needles and wood within nine Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) provenances. Seedlings of different provenances representing a 1200-km N-S transect from Estonia to northern Finland were cultivated in Suonenjoki nursery field, central Finland, for seven years. Growth of seedlings and the number of vertical resin ducts in wood were also determined. alpha-Pinene and 3-carene were the major monoterpenes both in the needles and wood. The total monoterpene concentration was about five times higher in the needles than in the wood. A strong positive correlation was found between proportional quantities of several terpenes of the needles and wood, particularly for 3-carene, sabinene, and terpinolene. The needles contained both labdane-type and tricyclic resin acids, whereas the wood contained only tricyclic ones. The wood had a four times higher tricyclic resin acid concentration than the needles. The highest total monoterpene concentration in the needles and in the wood occurred in the most northern Muonio provenance and in the most southern Saaremaa provenance plants, respectively. The amount of high 3-carene genotype trees decreased among the northern provenances. The wood of the most northern Muonio provenance showed the lowest total resin acid concentration, but provenance did not affect total tricyclic resin acids in the needles. Korpilahti provenance trees from central Finland had the best growth in height. In addition, Korpilahti and Ruokolahti provenance trees showed largest radial growth of stem and smallest number of vertical resin ducts. The results suggest that especially the proportional quantity of 3-carene in the needles could be used in estimating the amount of this compound in the wood and vice versa.

Determination of Terpenoid Content in Pine by Organic Solvent Extraction and Fast-GC Analysis

“…Trimethylsilyl diterpenoid resin acids (pimaric, levopimaric, isopimaric, palustric, dehydroabietic, abietic, and neoabietic acids) were detected in the PLW extract solvent. Several types of terpenoids detected in PLW in this study agree with reported terpenoids found in other pine sources (Nerg et al, 1994;Manninen et al, 2002;Bojovic et al, 2005;Ormeño et al, 2007;Bohlmann and Keeling, 2008;Rodrigues-Corrêa et al, 2012;Achotegui-Castells et al, 2013) and show some similarities with terpenoids present in spruce (Martin et al, 2002;Zhao et al, 2010). For example, the most abundant monoterpenes extracted from PLW were in agreement with the most abundant monoterpenes present in pine wood and foliage, being α-and β-pinene.…”

“…Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes have also been investigated as potential sources of renewable fuel (Monteiro and Veloso, 2004;Harvey et al, 2009;Peralta-Yahya et al, 2011;Renninger et al, 2011;Meylemans et al, 2012;Rodrigues-Corrêa et al, 2012;Hellier et al, 2013;Vallinayagam et al, 2014). Efforts have been made to understand the genetic, ecological, and physicochemical processes behind the production and accumulation of terpenoids in pine and other feedstocks (Nerg et al, 1994;Manninen et al, 2002;Martin et al, 2002;Bojovic et al, 2005;Schmidt et al, 2011;Achotegui-Castells et al, 2013;Susaeta et al, 2014). For this type of research, it is important to accurately measure the terpenoid content in biomass to be able to compare the variables potentially affecting terpenoid production and accumulation.…”

“…For this type of research, it is important to accurately measure the terpenoid content in biomass to be able to compare the variables potentially affecting terpenoid production and accumulation. With the wide variety of uses and applications of terpenoid components as well as the biological variability associated with their formation, development of rapid analytical methods used to characterize terpenoids and measure their abundance in the biomass is becoming increasingly important.Currently, analytical methods primarily use hexane or other non-polar solvents to extract terpenoid components from pine and other biomass sources and GC/MS to identify and quantify the components of the extract (Lewinsohn et al, 1993;Manninen et al, 2002;Bojovic et al, 2005;Thompson et al, 2006;Varming et al, 2006;Ormeño et al, 2007Ormeño et al, , 2010Zhao et al, 2010; AchoteguiCastells et al, 2013). There have been other methods and solvents used to extract and quantify terpenoids in biomass, including accelerated solvent extraction, dynamic headspace analysis as well as the use of methyl tert-butyl ether and derivatization agents during extraction (Martin et al, 2002;Varming et al, 2006;Fojtová et al, 2008;Zhao et al, 2010).…”

“…Efforts have been made to understand the genetic, ecological, and physicochemical processes behind the production and accumulation of terpenoids in pine and other feedstocks (Nerg et al, 1994;Manninen et al, 2002;Martin et al, 2002;Bojovic et al, 2005;Schmidt et al, 2011;Achotegui-Castells et al, 2013;Susaeta et al, 2014). For this type of research, it is important to accurately measure the terpenoid content in biomass to be able to compare the variables potentially affecting terpenoid production and accumulation.…”

Characterization of the volatile fraction emitted by phloems of four pinus species by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

“…In most of these studies, simultaneous destillation-extraction (SDE) methods were used to isolate the volatile compounds from the complex matrices [8,9,13,20,23,24]. However, the presence of the extraction solvent that frequently coelutes, during the chromatographic run, with less retained peaks, is an important drawback of this technique [22].…”