Untitled

Koslowski, Gerhard; Glaser, Rüdiger

doi:10.1023/a:1005466226797

Cited by 99 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies of trends in the modern ocean show that decadal sea-ice variability is strongly coupled with the NAO index [43,141]. Particularly, the sea-ice extension in Nordic and Baltic seas correlates negatively with the NAO index, while in the Labrador Sea, it is positively correlated [142][143][144]. Though this NAO-sea-ice-coverage interaction is clear, it does not mean that variability of the European inland climate can be correlated to the present-day sea-ice surface.…”

Section: Influence Of the Ice Sheet Extension And Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanic Impact on European Climate Changes during the Quaternary

Martin-Garcia¹

2019

Geosciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Integrative studies on paleoclimate variations over oceanic and continental regions are scarce. Though it is known that Earth’s climate is strongly affected by sea-air exchanges of heat and moisture, the role of oceans in climate variations over land remains relatively unexplored. With the aim to unveil this influence, the present work studies major climate oscillations in the North Atlantic region and Europe during the Quaternary, focusing on the oceanic mechanisms that were related to them. During this period, the European climate experienced long-term and wide-amplitude glacial-interglacial oscillations. A covariance between the North Atlantic sea surface temperature and climate signals over the continent is especially observed in Southern Europe. The most severe and drastic climate changes occurred in association to deglaciations, as a consequence of major oceanographic reorganizations that affected atmospheric circulation and ocean-atmosphere heat-flow, which led to variation of temperature and precipitation inland. Most deglaciations began when Northern Hemisphere summer insolation was maximal. Increased heating facilitated the rapid ice-sheet collapse and the massive release of fresh water into the Northern Atlantic, which triggered the weakening or even the shutdown of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation. Though the extension of ice-sheets determined the high-latitude European climate, the climate was more influenced by rapid variations of ice volume, deep-water formation rate, and oceanic and atmospheric circulation in middle and subtropical latitudes. In consequence, the coldest stadials in the mid-latitude North Atlantic and Europe since the early Pleistocene coincided with Terminations (glacial/interglacial transitions) and lesser ice-sheet depletions. They were related with decreases in the NADW formation rate that occurred at these times and the subsequent advection of subpolar waters along the western European margin. In Southern Europe, steppe communities substituted temperate forests. Once the freshwater perturbation stopped and the overturning circulation resumed, very rapid and wide-amplitude warming episodes occurred (interstadials). On the continent, raised temperature and precipitations allowed the rapid expansion of moisture-requiring vegetation.

show abstract

Section: Influence Of the Ice Sheet Extension And Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanic Impact on European Climate Changes during the Quaternary

Martin-Garcia¹

2019

Geosciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The analysis of temperature reconstruction for the period of 1721-1786 based on the indexation of the Reyger's chronicles shows that thermal conditions in Gda nsk slightly differ when compared to the rest of Poland, where, winters were clearly colder in the period of 1721-1750 (Przybylak et al, 2005), as well as in the remaining years of the analysed period Przybylak (2011). However, the data for Gda nsk indicate that the city's thermal conditions were similar to those in the western part of the Baltic Sea where, according to the sea ice index, ice conditions were the mildest in the discussed period; in fact this period had the mildest ice conditions of the entire three hundred years of the 16th-18th centuries (Koslowski and Glaser, 1999). This means that winters must have been warm, too.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The longest one‐man weather chronicle (1721–1786) by Gottfried Reyger for Gdańsk, Poland as a source for improved understanding of past climate variability

Filipiak

Przybylak

Oliński

2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the paper we focus on the notes of botanist and meteorologist Gottfried Reyger on the weather conditions in Gda nsk, Poland. In our estimation, this chronicle, covering the period from December 1721 to June 1786 (the longest weather chronicle recorded by a single person), is a reliable source of information with the potential to contribute to the understanding of climate variability in 18th-century Gda nsk, the significant old Hanseatic city in northern Poland. The temperature and precipitation series for the period 1721-1786 were indexed against contemporary conditions using the calculated percentages of cold, normal and warm decades. The climate in the 18th century in Gda nsk was colder than nowadays; the springs were much cooler, as were the winters, while the summers were warmer. A few relatively cold periods and several warm periods were identified. The first half of the analysed period was very humid, whereas the second was quite dry. The reconstructed indexed data series were compared to annual and seasonal mean values of air temperature and precipitation derived from regular instrumental observations made in Gda nsk since 1739. The linear regression method was applied to calibrate the reconstructed index series against anomalies from the 1961-1990 average. The correlation coefficient, standard error of estimate and the root-mean-square error statistics were used to diagnose the quality of calibration and verification. The highest correlation between the temperature indices and the observational series was found for winter. The reconstructed series for precipitation has a smaller variability than in reality. The reconstructed values for the years prior to 1739 indicate cold years for 1725-1732 and a wet period in the 1730s.

show abstract

“…An opposite reaction was found out along Lithuanian-Latvian coast. In the numerous previous studies NAO was proved to modify Baltic Sea conditions including ice extent, SST, surface currents, freshwater runoff, salinity and oxygen concentrations [20,[35][36][37][38][39]. The relevance of NAO, however, seems to be definitely more substantial in winter than in summer, when the EA pattern (which is often described as a shifted southwards NAO) seems to be more important than NAO and it modifies the frequency of upwelling along the eastern Swedish coast.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coastal upwelling is least frequent along the Polish and Latvian-Lithuanian coasts, where the number of upwelling days rarely exceeds 10 ( Figure 5). In fact, the phenomenon was not detected at all in several summer seasons, like in 1982in , 1998in , 1999in , 2000in along the Polish coast, and in 1985in , 1991in , 2007in , 2012 and 2017 along the Latvian-Lithuanian coast. On the other hand, more than 30 days with upwelling were identified in 1992, 2002 and 2006 along the Polish coast, and in 1982Polish coast, and in , 1992Polish coast, and in , 1994Polish coast, and in , 1997Polish coast, and in and 2006 along the Latvian-Lithuanian coast.…”

Section: Impact Of Macroscale Circulation Patterns On the Upwelling Fmentioning

confidence: 91%

Atmospheric Forcing of Coastal Upwelling in the Southern Baltic Sea Basin

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study analyzes the atmospheric forcing of upwelling occurrence along differently oriented coastlines of the southern Baltic Sea basin. The mean daily sea surface temperature (SST) data from the summer seasons (June–August) of the years 1982–2017 made the basis for the detection of upwelling cases. For the atmospheric part of the analysis, monthly indices of four macroscale circulation patterns were used: North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Scandinavian (SCAND), East Atlantic (EA) and East Atlantic/Western Russia (EATL/WRUS). In order to identify the local airflows and wind conditions, zonal and meridional regional circulation indices were constructed and introduced to the analysis. Within the southern Baltic Sea basin, upwelling occurs most frequently along the zonally oriented southern coasts of Sweden, and least frequently along the southern (Polish) and eastern (Lithuanian-Latvian) coasts. Among the macroscale circulation patterns, the SCAND has the strongest impact on the horizontal flow of surface sea waters in the southern Baltic, which triggers upwelling. The summer NAO and EA appeared to have a weak effect on upwelling occurrence, and EATL/WRUS have the smallest impact. Local circulation indices allowed us to recognize the atmospheric control of upwelling frequency better than the indices of the macroscale patterns. Anomalies in upwelling frequency are their highest at the positive/negative phase of the zonal circulation, particularly along the southern and eastern coast of the southern Baltic Sea basin.

show abstract

Untitled

Cited by 99 publications

References 7 publications

Oceanic Impact on European Climate Changes during the Quaternary

Oceanic Impact on European Climate Changes during the Quaternary

The longest one‐man weather chronicle (1721–1786) by Gottfried Reyger for Gdańsk, Poland as a source for improved understanding of past climate variability

Atmospheric Forcing of Coastal Upwelling in the Southern Baltic Sea Basin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About