Objective: To evaluate the dose-response effect of aerobic exercise on sleep duration, sleep efficiency and sleep quality in previously sedentary, moderately overweight men.
Methods:In a randomized, controlled trial, 53 sedentary Caucasian men aged between 20 and 40 years (VO 2 -max<45 mL O 2 kg -1 min -1 , BMI: 25-30 kg/m 2 , body fat>25%) completed a 13-week aerobic exercise intervention consisting of either a physical activity energy deficit of 600 kcal day -1 (HIGH: n=18), 300 kcal day -1 (MOD: n=18), or being sedentary (CON: n=17). The endpoints were sleep duration (objectively measured by actigraphy over 3 days), sleep efficiency (3-day actigraphy), and subjectively rated sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index).
Results:Because of missing sleep data, a total of 32 subjects were included in the present analysis (CON: n=12, MOD: n=12, HIGH: n=8). A significant increase in sleep duration was observed in HIGH (80 ± 30 min, p=0.03). However, the change was not significantly different from the change in CON. Sleep efficiency tended to decrease in HIGH (p=0.05), and there was a tendency towards an improved sleep quality within MOD and HIGH (p=0.08 in both).
Conclusion:Our study suggests that a high daily dose of aerobic exercise for 13 weeks increases sleep duration, tends to decrease sleep efficiency, and tends to improve subjective sleep quality in sedentary, moderately overweight men. Because our sample included relatively young and sleep-efficient individuals, future studies should examine the dose-response effects of aerobic exercise on sleep parameters in older adults with sleeping problems. Page 2 of 6 dose exercise (HIGH) (n=22). All subjects were tested pre-intervention, then randomized, and finally re-tested at the end of the intervention. A more extensive description of the study is provided elsewhere [7]. Subjects gave their informed written consent to participate in the study. The data presented here are part of a larger study on metabolic and cultural health in moderately overweight men (Project Four-IN-onE [FINE]; http://fine.ku.dk) and was approved by the ethics committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (H-4-2009-089) and adhered to the Helsinki Declaration. The study was also registered at http://www. clinicaltrials.gov with the identifying code NCT01430143.
Exercise protocolSubjects were randomly assigned to CON, MOD or HIGH. Subjects in CON were instructed to maintain their sedentary lifestyle. Subjects in MOD and HIGH were instructed to perform daily aerobic exercise (running, cycling, rowing etc.) equivalent to an energy expenditure of 300 or 600 kcal day . All subjects were instructed not to impose any dietary restriction throughout the intervention, but to continue eating a selfselected ad libitum diet, unless otherwise stated [7]. Subjects in MOD and HIGH had free access to fitness centers. Missed sessions (unless due to injury or illness) were to be compensated for during the following sessions. Three times per week exercise intensity had to be >70% of VO 2 max based on th...