4D printed assembly of sensors and actuators in complex formed metallic lightweight structures

Weber, Rico; Kuhlow, Mathias; Spierings, Adriaan B.; Wegener, Konrad

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.01.012

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Another critical advantage of 4D printing in this domain is the lightweight nature of the materials used. This aligns perfectly with the aerospace industry's ongoing efforts to reduce the weight of components, which has a direct and positive impact on fuel consumption and overall operational efficiency [27][28][29][30]. As humanity's endeavors in space exploration continue to advance, the ability to create structures capable of adapting to or even self-assembling in the unique conditions of space becomes increasingly crucial.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Shape Morphing of 4D-Printed Polylactic Acid Structures under Thermal Stimuli: An Experimental and Finite Element Analysis

Kostopoulos,

Stamoulis,

Lappas

et al. 2024

Aerospace

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study explores the shape-morphing behavior of 4D-printed structures made from Polylactic Acid (PLA), a prominent bio-sourced shape-memory polymer. Focusing on the response of these structures to thermal stimuli, this research investigates how various printing parameters influence their morphing capabilities. The experimental approach integrates design and slicing, printing using fused deposition modeling (FDM), and a post-printing activation phase in a controlled laboratory environment. This process aims to replicate the external stimuli that induce shape morphing, highlighting the dynamic potential of 4D printing. Utilizing Taguchi’s Design of Experiments (DoE), this study examines the effects of printing speed, layer height, layer width, nozzle temperature, bed temperature, and activation temperature on the morphing behavior. The analysis includes precise measurements of deformation parameters, providing a comprehensive understanding of the morphing process. Regression models demonstrate strong correlations with observed data, suggesting their effectiveness in predicting responses based on control parameters. Additionally, finite element analysis (FEA) modeling successfully predicts the performance of these structures, validating its application as a design tool in 4D printing. This research contributes to the understanding of 4D printing dynamics and offers insights for optimizing printing processes to harness the full potential of shape-morphing materials. It sets a foundation for future research, particularly in exploring the relationship between printing parameters and the functional capabilities of 4D-printed structures.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Shape Morphing of 4D-Printed Polylactic Acid Structures under Thermal Stimuli: An Experimental and Finite Element Analysis

Kostopoulos,

Stamoulis,

Lappas

et al. 2024

Aerospace

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The incorporation of piezoelectric arrays serves as the foundation for active and passive vibration dampening of such devices. A revolutionary 4DP integration strategy was illustrated in [175] for utilizing the SME of NiTi as pre-stress actuation, with little installation and post-processing activity and a strong probability of shock absorption. The effect of prestressing, which is the most important prerequisite for piezoelectric stacks, was examined.…”

Section: Print Strategies For Shape Memory Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Trends in 4D Printing: A Critical Review

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In a variety of industries, Additive Manufacturing has revolutionized the whole design–fabrication cycle. Traditional 3D printing is typically employed to produce static components, which are not able to fulfill dynamic structural requirements and are inappropriate for applications such as soft grippers, self-assembly systems, and smart actuators. To address this limitation, an innovative technology has emerged, known as “4D printing”. It processes smart materials by using 3D printing for fabricating smart structures that can be reconfigured by applying different inputs, such as heat, humidity, magnetism, electricity, light, etc. At present, 4D printing is still a growing technology, and it presents numerous challenges regarding materials, design, simulation, fabrication processes, applied strategies, and reversibility. In this work a critical review of 4D printing technologies, materials, and applications is provided.

show abstract

“…While various additive manufacturing technologies have been reported to successfully achieve 4D printing [25,48,50,[52][53][54], fused deposition modelling (FDM) has become a particular research interest due to the low printing costs, easy access to desktop FDM printers, and broad range of printing materials [55,56]. FDM is a material extrusion-based additive manufacturing process, whereby the filament materials are first melted through a heated nozzle and then deposited on a build platform following specific printing paths to produce 3D objects [55].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelations between Printing Patterns and Residual Stress in Fused Deposition Modelling for the 4D Printing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and Wood–Plastic Composites

Huang,

Löschke,

Gan

et al. 2024

JMMP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Four dimensional printing enables the advanced manufacturing of smart objects that can morph and adapt shape over time in response to stimuli such as heat. This study presents a single-material 4D printing workflow which explores the residual stress and anisotropy arising from the fused deposition modelling (FDM) printing process to create heat-triggered self-morphing objects. In particular, the study first investigates the effect of printing patterns on the residual stress of FDM-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) products. Through finite element analysis, the raster angle of printing patterns was identified as the key parameter influencing the distribution of residual stresses. Experimental investigations further reveal that the non-uniform distribution of residual stress results in the anisotropic thermal deformation of printed materials. Thus, through the design of printing patterns, FDM-printed materials can be programmed with desired built-in residual stresses and anisotropic behaviours for initiating and controlling the transformation of 4D-printed objects. Using the proposed approach, any desktop FDM printers can be turned into 4D printers to create smart objects that can self-morph into target geometries. A series of 4D printing prototypes manufactured from conventional ABS 3D printing feedstock are tested to illustrate the use and reliability of this new workflow. Additionally, the custom-made wood–plastic composite (WPC) feedstocks are explored in this study to demonstrate the transposability of the 4D printing approach.

show abstract

4D printed assembly of sensors and actuators in complex formed metallic lightweight structures

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Shape Morphing of 4D-Printed Polylactic Acid Structures under Thermal Stimuli: An Experimental and Finite Element Analysis

Shape Morphing of 4D-Printed Polylactic Acid Structures under Thermal Stimuli: An Experimental and Finite Element Analysis

New Trends in 4D Printing: A Critical Review

Interrelations between Printing Patterns and Residual Stress in Fused Deposition Modelling for the 4D Printing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and Wood–Plastic Composites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About